Kernel/PCI: Propagate usage of DeviceIdentifier everywhere

This allows us to remove a bunch of PCI API functions, and instead to
leverage the cached data from DeviceIdentifier object in many places.

Kernel/Bus/PCI/API.cpp

@@ -120,36 +120,6 @@ u32 get_BAR(Address address, u8 bar)
     }
 }
 
-u8 get_revision_id(Address address)
-{
-    return read8(address, PCI_REVISION_ID);
-}
-
-u8 get_subclass(Address address)
-{
-    return read8(address, PCI_SUBCLASS);
-}
-
-u8 get_class(Address address)
-{
-    return read8(address, PCI_CLASS);
-}
-
-u8 get_programming_interface(Address address)
-{
-    return read8(address, PCI_PROG_IF);
-}
-
-u16 get_subsystem_id(Address address)
-{
-    return read16(address, PCI_SUBSYSTEM_ID);
-}
-
-u16 get_subsystem_vendor_id(Address address)
-{
-    return read16(address, PCI_SUBSYSTEM_VENDOR_ID);
-}
-
 void enable_bus_mastering(Address address)
 {
     auto value = read16(address, PCI_COMMAND);

Kernel/Bus/PCI/API.h

@@ -31,12 +31,6 @@ u32 get_BAR3(Address);
 u32 get_BAR4(Address);
 u32 get_BAR5(Address);
 u32 get_BAR(Address address, u8 bar);
-u8 get_revision_id(Address);
-u8 get_programming_interface(Address);
-u8 get_subclass(Address);
-u8 get_class(Address);
-u16 get_subsystem_id(Address);
-u16 get_subsystem_vendor_id(Address);
 size_t get_BAR_space_size(Address, u8);
 void enable_bus_mastering(Address);
 void disable_bus_mastering(Address);

Kernel/Bus/USB/UHCI/UHCIController.cpp

@@ -62,10 +62,10 @@ static constexpr u16 UCHI_PORTSC_NON_WRITE_CLEAR_BIT_MASK = 0x1FF5; // This is u
 static constexpr u8 UHCI_NUMBER_OF_ISOCHRONOUS_TDS = 128;
 static constexpr u16 UHCI_NUMBER_OF_FRAMES = 1024;
 
-KResultOr<NonnullRefPtr<UHCIController>> UHCIController::try_to_initialize(PCI::Address address)
+KResultOr<NonnullRefPtr<UHCIController>> UHCIController::try_to_initialize(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& pci_device_identifier)
 {
     // NOTE: This assumes that address is pointing to a valid UHCI controller.
-    auto controller = TRY(adopt_nonnull_ref_or_enomem(new (nothrow) UHCIController(address)));
+    auto controller = TRY(adopt_nonnull_ref_or_enomem(new (nothrow) UHCIController(pci_device_identifier.address())));
     TRY(controller->initialize());
     return controller;
 }

Kernel/Bus/USB/UHCI/UHCIController.h

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class UHCIController final
 
 public:
     static constexpr u8 NUMBER_OF_ROOT_PORTS = 2;
-    static KResultOr<NonnullRefPtr<UHCIController>> try_to_initialize(PCI::Address address);
+    static KResultOr<NonnullRefPtr<UHCIController>> try_to_initialize(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& pci_device_identifier);
     virtual ~UHCIController() override;
 
     virtual StringView purpose() const override { return "UHCI"; }

Kernel/Bus/USB/USBManagement.cpp

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ UNMAP_AFTER_INIT void USBManagement::enumerate_controllers()
             if (kernel_command_line().disable_uhci_controller())
                 return;
 
-            if (auto uhci_controller_or_error = UHCIController::try_to_initialize(address); !uhci_controller_or_error.is_error())
+            if (auto uhci_controller_or_error = UHCIController::try_to_initialize(device_identifier); !uhci_controller_or_error.is_error())
                 m_controllers.append(uhci_controller_or_error.release_value());
 
             return;

Kernel/Bus/VirtIO/Console.cpp

@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ namespace Kernel::VirtIO {
 
 unsigned Console::next_device_id = 0;
 
-UNMAP_AFTER_INIT NonnullRefPtr<Console> Console::must_create(PCI::Address address)
+UNMAP_AFTER_INIT NonnullRefPtr<Console> Console::must_create(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& pci_device_identifier)
 {
-    return adopt_ref_if_nonnull(new Console(address)).release_nonnull();
+    return adopt_ref_if_nonnull(new Console(pci_device_identifier)).release_nonnull();
 }
 
 UNMAP_AFTER_INIT void Console::initialize()
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ UNMAP_AFTER_INIT void Console::initialize()
     }
 }
 
-UNMAP_AFTER_INIT Console::Console(PCI::Address address)
+UNMAP_AFTER_INIT Console::Console(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& pci_device_identifier)
-    : VirtIO::Device(address)
+    : VirtIO::Device(pci_device_identifier)
     , m_device_id(next_device_id++)
 {
 }

Kernel/Bus/VirtIO/Console.h

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class Console
     friend VirtIO::ConsolePort;
 
 public:
-    static NonnullRefPtr<Console> must_create(PCI::Address address);
+    static NonnullRefPtr<Console> must_create(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const&);
     virtual ~Console() override = default;
 
     virtual StringView purpose() const override { return class_name(); }
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ public:
 
 private:
     virtual StringView class_name() const override { return "VirtIOConsole"; }
-    explicit Console(PCI::Address);
+    explicit Console(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const&);
     enum class ControlEvent : u16 {
         DeviceReady = 0,
         DeviceAdd = 1,

Kernel/Bus/VirtIO/Device.cpp

@@ -18,20 +18,20 @@ UNMAP_AFTER_INIT void detect()
 {
     if (kernel_command_line().disable_virtio())
         return;
-    PCI::enumerate([&](const PCI::Address& address, PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& device_identifier) {
+    PCI::enumerate([&](const PCI::Address&, PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& device_identifier) {
-        if (address.is_null() || device_identifier.hardware_id().is_null())
+        if (device_identifier.hardware_id().is_null())
             return;
         // TODO: We should also be checking that the device_id is in between 0x1000 - 0x107F inclusive
         if (device_identifier.hardware_id().vendor_id != PCI::VendorID::VirtIO)
             return;
         switch (device_identifier.hardware_id().device_id) {
         case PCI::DeviceID::VirtIOConsole: {
-            auto& console = Console::must_create(address).leak_ref();
+            auto& console = Console::must_create(device_identifier).leak_ref();
             console.initialize();
             break;
         }
         case PCI::DeviceID::VirtIOEntropy: {
-            auto& rng = RNG::must_create(address).leak_ref();
+            auto& rng = RNG::must_create(device_identifier).leak_ref();
             rng.initialize();
             break;
         }
@@ -46,12 +46,12 @@ UNMAP_AFTER_INIT void detect()
     });
 }
 
-static StringView const determine_device_class(const PCI::Address& address)
+static StringView const determine_device_class(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& device_identifier)
 {
-    if (PCI::get_revision_id(address) == 0) {
+    if (device_identifier.revision_id().value() == 0) {
         // Note: If the device is a legacy (or transitional) device, therefore,
         // probe the subsystem ID in the PCI header and figure out the
-        auto subsystem_device_id = PCI::get_subsystem_id(address);
+        auto subsystem_device_id = device_identifier.subsystem_id().value();
         switch (subsystem_device_id) {
         case 1:
             return "VirtIONetAdapter"sv;
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ static StringView const determine_device_class(const PCI::Address& address)
         }
     }
 
-    auto id = PCI::get_hardware_id(address);
+    auto id = device_identifier.hardware_id();
     VERIFY(id.vendor_id == PCI::VendorID::VirtIO);
     switch (id.device_id) {
     case PCI::DeviceID::VirtIONetAdapter:
@@ -150,11 +150,11 @@ UNMAP_AFTER_INIT void Device::initialize()
     set_status_bit(DEVICE_STATUS_DRIVER);
 }
 
-UNMAP_AFTER_INIT VirtIO::Device::Device(PCI::Address address)
+UNMAP_AFTER_INIT VirtIO::Device::Device(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& device_identifier)
-    : PCI::Device(address)
+    : PCI::Device(device_identifier.address())
-    , IRQHandler(PCI::get_interrupt_line(address))
+    , IRQHandler(PCI::get_interrupt_line(device_identifier.address()))
     , m_io_base(IOAddress(PCI::get_BAR0(pci_address()) & ~1))
-    , m_class_name(VirtIO::determine_device_class(address))
+    , m_class_name(VirtIO::determine_device_class(device_identifier))
 {
     dbgln("{}: Found @ {}", m_class_name, pci_address());
 }

Kernel/Bus/VirtIO/Device.h

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ public:
 
 protected:
     virtual StringView class_name() const { return "VirtIO::Device"; }
-    explicit Device(PCI::Address);
+    explicit Device(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const&);
     struct MappedMMIO {
         OwnPtr<Memory::Region> base;
         size_t size { 0 };

Kernel/Bus/VirtIO/RNG.cpp

@@ -9,9 +9,9 @@
 
 namespace Kernel::VirtIO {
 
-UNMAP_AFTER_INIT NonnullRefPtr<RNG> RNG::must_create(PCI::Address address)
+UNMAP_AFTER_INIT NonnullRefPtr<RNG> RNG::must_create(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& device_identifier)
 {
-    return adopt_ref_if_nonnull(new RNG(address)).release_nonnull();
+    return adopt_ref_if_nonnull(new RNG(device_identifier)).release_nonnull();
 }
 
 UNMAP_AFTER_INIT void RNG::initialize()
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ UNMAP_AFTER_INIT void RNG::initialize()
     }
 }
 
-UNMAP_AFTER_INIT RNG::RNG(PCI::Address address)
+UNMAP_AFTER_INIT RNG::RNG(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& device_identifier)
-    : VirtIO::Device(address)
+    : VirtIO::Device(device_identifier)
 {
 }
 

Kernel/Bus/VirtIO/RNG.h

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class RNG final
     : public RefCounted<RNG>
     , public VirtIO::Device {
 public:
-    static NonnullRefPtr<RNG> must_create(PCI::Address address);
+    static NonnullRefPtr<RNG> must_create(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const&);
     virtual StringView purpose() const override { return class_name(); }
     virtual ~RNG() override = default;
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ public:
 
 private:
     virtual StringView class_name() const override { return "VirtIOConsole"; }
-    explicit RNG(PCI::Address);
+    explicit RNG(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const&);
     virtual bool handle_device_config_change() override;
     virtual void handle_queue_update(u16 queue_index) override;
     void request_entropy_from_host();

Kernel/Graphics/Bochs/GraphicsAdapter.cpp

@@ -71,11 +71,11 @@ struct [[gnu::packed]] BochsDisplayMMIORegisters {
     ExtensionRegisters extension_regs;
 };
 
-UNMAP_AFTER_INIT NonnullRefPtr<BochsGraphicsAdapter> BochsGraphicsAdapter::initialize(PCI::Address address)
+UNMAP_AFTER_INIT NonnullRefPtr<BochsGraphicsAdapter> BochsGraphicsAdapter::initialize(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& pci_device_identifier)
 {
-    PCI::HardwareID id = PCI::get_hardware_id(address);
+    PCI::HardwareID id = pci_device_identifier.hardware_id();
     VERIFY((id.vendor_id == PCI::VendorID::QEMUOld && id.device_id == 0x1111) || (id.vendor_id == PCI::VendorID::VirtualBox && id.device_id == 0xbeef));
-    return adopt_ref(*new BochsGraphicsAdapter(address));
+    return adopt_ref(*new BochsGraphicsAdapter(pci_device_identifier));
 }
 
 void BochsGraphicsAdapter::set_framebuffer_to_big_endian_format()
@@ -100,21 +100,23 @@ void BochsGraphicsAdapter::set_framebuffer_to_little_endian_format()
     full_memory_barrier();
 }
 
-UNMAP_AFTER_INIT BochsGraphicsAdapter::BochsGraphicsAdapter(PCI::Address pci_address)
+UNMAP_AFTER_INIT BochsGraphicsAdapter::BochsGraphicsAdapter(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& pci_device_identifier)
-    : PCI::Device(pci_address)
+    : PCI::Device(pci_device_identifier.address())
-    , m_mmio_registers(PCI::get_BAR2(pci_address) & 0xfffffff0)
+    , m_mmio_registers(PCI::get_BAR2(pci_device_identifier.address()) & 0xfffffff0)
     , m_registers(Memory::map_typed_writable<BochsDisplayMMIORegisters volatile>(m_mmio_registers))
 {
     // We assume safe resolutio is 1024x768x32
-    m_framebuffer_console = Graphics::ContiguousFramebufferConsole::initialize(PhysicalAddress(PCI::get_BAR0(pci_address) & 0xfffffff0), 1024, 768, 1024 * sizeof(u32));
+    m_framebuffer_console = Graphics::ContiguousFramebufferConsole::initialize(PhysicalAddress(PCI::get_BAR0(pci_device_identifier.address()) & 0xfffffff0), 1024, 768, 1024 * sizeof(u32));
     // FIXME: This is a very wrong way to do this...
     GraphicsManagement::the().m_console = m_framebuffer_console;
 
     // Note: If we use VirtualBox graphics adapter (which is based on Bochs one), we need to use IO ports
-    auto id = PCI::get_hardware_id(pci_address);
+    if (pci_device_identifier.hardware_id().vendor_id == 0x80ee && pci_device_identifier.hardware_id().device_id == 0xbeef)
-    if (id.vendor_id == 0x80ee && id.device_id == 0xbeef)
         m_io_required = true;
 
+    if (pci_device_identifier.class_code().value() == 0x3 && pci_device_identifier.subclass_code().value() == 0x0)
+        m_is_vga_capable = true;
+
     // Note: According to Gerd Hoffmann - "The linux driver simply does
     // the unblank unconditionally. With bochs-display this is not needed but
     // it also has no bad side effect".
@@ -132,7 +134,7 @@ UNMAP_AFTER_INIT void BochsGraphicsAdapter::initialize_framebuffer_devices()
 
 GraphicsDevice::Type BochsGraphicsAdapter::type() const
 {
-    if (PCI::get_class(pci_address()) == 0x3 && PCI::get_subclass(pci_address()) == 0x0)
+    if (m_is_vga_capable)
         return Type::VGACompatible;
     return Type::Bochs;
 }

Kernel/Graphics/Bochs/GraphicsAdapter.h

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ private:
     TYPEDEF_DISTINCT_ORDERED_ID(u16, IndexID);
 
 public:
-    static NonnullRefPtr<BochsGraphicsAdapter> initialize(PCI::Address);
+    static NonnullRefPtr<BochsGraphicsAdapter> initialize(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const&);
     virtual ~BochsGraphicsAdapter() = default;
     virtual bool framebuffer_devices_initialized() const override { return !m_framebuffer_device.is_null(); }
 
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ private:
     virtual void enable_consoles() override;
     virtual void disable_consoles() override;
 
-    explicit BochsGraphicsAdapter(PCI::Address);
+    explicit BochsGraphicsAdapter(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const&);
 
     IndexID index_id() const;
 
@@ -71,5 +71,6 @@ private:
     Spinlock m_console_mode_switch_lock;
     bool m_console_enabled { false };
     bool m_io_required { false };
+    bool m_is_vga_capable { false };
 };
 }

Kernel/Graphics/GraphicsManagement.cpp

@@ -50,23 +50,23 @@ void GraphicsManagement::activate_graphical_mode()
     }
 }
 
-static inline bool is_vga_compatible_pci_device(PCI::Address address)
+static inline bool is_vga_compatible_pci_device(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& device_identifier)
 {
     // Note: Check for Display Controller, VGA Compatible Controller or
     // Unclassified, VGA-Compatible Unclassified Device
-    auto is_display_controller_vga_compatible = PCI::get_class(address) == 0x3 && PCI::get_subclass(address) == 0x0;
+    auto is_display_controller_vga_compatible = device_identifier.class_code().value() == 0x3 && device_identifier.subclass_code().value() == 0x0;
-    auto is_general_pci_vga_compatible = PCI::get_class(address) == 0x0 && PCI::get_subclass(address) == 0x1;
+    auto is_general_pci_vga_compatible = device_identifier.class_code().value() == 0x0 && device_identifier.subclass_code().value() == 0x1;
     return is_display_controller_vga_compatible || is_general_pci_vga_compatible;
 }
 
-static inline bool is_display_controller_pci_device(PCI::Address address)
+static inline bool is_display_controller_pci_device(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& device_identifier)
 {
-    return PCI::get_class(address) == 0x3;
+    return device_identifier.class_code().value() == 0x3;
 }
 
-UNMAP_AFTER_INIT bool GraphicsManagement::determine_and_initialize_graphics_device(const PCI::Address& address, PCI::HardwareID id)
+UNMAP_AFTER_INIT bool GraphicsManagement::determine_and_initialize_graphics_device(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& device_identifier)
 {
-    VERIFY(is_vga_compatible_pci_device(address) || is_display_controller_pci_device(address));
+    VERIFY(is_vga_compatible_pci_device(device_identifier) || is_display_controller_pci_device(device_identifier));
     auto add_and_configure_adapter = [&](GraphicsDevice& graphics_device) {
         m_graphics_devices.append(graphics_device);
         if (!m_framebuffer_devices_allowed) {
@@ -77,24 +77,24 @@ UNMAP_AFTER_INIT bool GraphicsManagement::determine_and_initialize_graphics_devi
     };
 
     RefPtr<GraphicsDevice> adapter;
-    switch (id.vendor_id) {
+    switch (device_identifier.hardware_id().vendor_id) {
     case PCI::VendorID::QEMUOld:
-        if (id.device_id == 0x1111)
+        if (device_identifier.hardware_id().device_id == 0x1111)
-            adapter = BochsGraphicsAdapter::initialize(address);
+            adapter = BochsGraphicsAdapter::initialize(device_identifier);
         break;
     case PCI::VendorID::VirtualBox:
-        if (id.device_id == 0xbeef)
+        if (device_identifier.hardware_id().device_id == 0xbeef)
-            adapter = BochsGraphicsAdapter::initialize(address);
+            adapter = BochsGraphicsAdapter::initialize(device_identifier);
         break;
     case PCI::VendorID::Intel:
-        adapter = IntelNativeGraphicsAdapter::initialize(address);
+        adapter = IntelNativeGraphicsAdapter::initialize(device_identifier);
         break;
     case PCI::VendorID::VirtIO:
         dmesgln("Graphics: Using VirtIO console");
-        adapter = Graphics::VirtIOGPU::GraphicsAdapter::initialize(address);
+        adapter = Graphics::VirtIOGPU::GraphicsAdapter::initialize(device_identifier);
         break;
     default:
-        if (!is_vga_compatible_pci_device(address))
+        if (!is_vga_compatible_pci_device(device_identifier))
             break;
         // Note: Although technically possible that a system has a
         // non-compatible VGA graphics device that was initialized by the
@@ -108,10 +108,10 @@ UNMAP_AFTER_INIT bool GraphicsManagement::determine_and_initialize_graphics_devi
         // utilize VESA BIOS extensions (that we don't currently) of these cards
         // support, so we want to utilize the provided framebuffer of these
         // devices, if possible.
-        if (!m_vga_adapter && PCI::is_io_space_enabled(address)) {
+        if (!m_vga_adapter && PCI::is_io_space_enabled(device_identifier.address())) {
             if (multiboot_framebuffer_type == MULTIBOOT_FRAMEBUFFER_TYPE_RGB) {
                 dmesgln("Graphics: Using a preset resolution from the bootloader");
-                adapter = VGACompatibleAdapter::initialize_with_preset_resolution(address,
+                adapter = VGACompatibleAdapter::initialize_with_preset_resolution(device_identifier,
                     multiboot_framebuffer_addr,
                     multiboot_framebuffer_width,
                     multiboot_framebuffer_height,
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ UNMAP_AFTER_INIT bool GraphicsManagement::determine_and_initialize_graphics_devi
             }
         } else {
             dmesgln("Graphics: Using a VGA compatible generic adapter");
-            adapter = VGACompatibleAdapter::initialize(address);
+            adapter = VGACompatibleAdapter::initialize(device_identifier);
         }
         break;
     }
@@ -129,8 +129,8 @@ UNMAP_AFTER_INIT bool GraphicsManagement::determine_and_initialize_graphics_devi
 
     // Note: If IO space is enabled, this VGA adapter is operating in VGA mode.
     // Note: If no other VGA adapter is attached as m_vga_adapter, we should attach it then.
-    if (!m_vga_adapter && PCI::is_io_space_enabled(address) && adapter->type() == GraphicsDevice::Type::VGACompatible) {
+    if (!m_vga_adapter && PCI::is_io_space_enabled(device_identifier.address()) && adapter->type() == GraphicsDevice::Type::VGACompatible) {
-        dbgln("Graphics adapter @ {} is operating in VGA mode", address);
+        dbgln("Graphics adapter @ {} is operating in VGA mode", device_identifier.address());
         m_vga_adapter = static_ptr_cast<VGACompatibleAdapter>(adapter);
     }
     return true;
@@ -179,13 +179,13 @@ UNMAP_AFTER_INIT bool GraphicsManagement::initialize()
         dbgln("Forcing no initialization of framebuffer devices");
     }
 
-    PCI::enumerate([&](const PCI::Address& address, PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& device_identifier) {
+    PCI::enumerate([&](const PCI::Address&, PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& device_identifier) {
         // Note: Each graphics controller will try to set its native screen resolution
         // upon creation. Later on, if we don't want to have framebuffer devices, a
         // framebuffer console will take the control instead.
-        if (!is_vga_compatible_pci_device(address) && !is_display_controller_pci_device(address))
+        if (!is_vga_compatible_pci_device(device_identifier) && !is_display_controller_pci_device(device_identifier))
             return;
-        determine_and_initialize_graphics_device(address, device_identifier.hardware_id());
+        determine_and_initialize_graphics_device(device_identifier);
     });
 
     if (m_graphics_devices.is_empty()) {

Kernel/Graphics/GraphicsManagement.h

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ public:
     void activate_graphical_mode();
 
 private:
-    bool determine_and_initialize_graphics_device(const PCI::Address& address, PCI::HardwareID id);
+    bool determine_and_initialize_graphics_device(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const&);
     NonnullRefPtrVector<GraphicsDevice> m_graphics_devices;
     RefPtr<Graphics::Console> m_console;
 

Kernel/Graphics/Intel/NativeGraphicsAdapter.cpp

@@ -41,13 +41,12 @@ static bool is_supported_model(u16 device_id)
 
 #define DDC2_I2C_ADDRESS 0x50
 
-RefPtr<IntelNativeGraphicsAdapter> IntelNativeGraphicsAdapter::initialize(PCI::Address address)
+RefPtr<IntelNativeGraphicsAdapter> IntelNativeGraphicsAdapter::initialize(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& pci_device_identifier)
 {
-    auto id = PCI::get_hardware_id(address);
+    VERIFY(pci_device_identifier.hardware_id().vendor_id == 0x8086);
-    VERIFY(id.vendor_id == 0x8086);
+    if (!is_supported_model(pci_device_identifier.hardware_id().device_id))
-    if (!is_supported_model(id.device_id))
         return {};
-    return adopt_ref(*new IntelNativeGraphicsAdapter(address));
+    return adopt_ref(*new IntelNativeGraphicsAdapter(pci_device_identifier.address()));
 }
 
 static size_t compute_dac_multiplier(size_t pixel_clock_in_khz)

Kernel/Graphics/Intel/NativeGraphicsAdapter.h

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ private:
     };
 
 public:
-    static RefPtr<IntelNativeGraphicsAdapter> initialize(PCI::Address);
+    static RefPtr<IntelNativeGraphicsAdapter> initialize(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const&);
 
 private:
     explicit IntelNativeGraphicsAdapter(PCI::Address);

Kernel/Graphics/VGACompatibleAdapter.cpp

@@ -13,14 +13,14 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
-UNMAP_AFTER_INIT NonnullRefPtr<VGACompatibleAdapter> VGACompatibleAdapter::initialize_with_preset_resolution(PCI::Address address, PhysicalAddress m_framebuffer_address, size_t framebuffer_width, size_t framebuffer_height, size_t framebuffer_pitch)
+UNMAP_AFTER_INIT NonnullRefPtr<VGACompatibleAdapter> VGACompatibleAdapter::initialize_with_preset_resolution(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& pci_device_identifier, PhysicalAddress m_framebuffer_address, size_t framebuffer_width, size_t framebuffer_height, size_t framebuffer_pitch)
 {
-    return adopt_ref(*new VGACompatibleAdapter(address, m_framebuffer_address, framebuffer_width, framebuffer_height, framebuffer_pitch));
+    return adopt_ref(*new VGACompatibleAdapter(pci_device_identifier.address(), m_framebuffer_address, framebuffer_width, framebuffer_height, framebuffer_pitch));
 }
 
-UNMAP_AFTER_INIT NonnullRefPtr<VGACompatibleAdapter> VGACompatibleAdapter::initialize(PCI::Address address)
+UNMAP_AFTER_INIT NonnullRefPtr<VGACompatibleAdapter> VGACompatibleAdapter::initialize(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& pci_device_identifier)
 {
-    return adopt_ref(*new VGACompatibleAdapter(address));
+    return adopt_ref(*new VGACompatibleAdapter(pci_device_identifier.address()));
 }
 
 UNMAP_AFTER_INIT void VGACompatibleAdapter::initialize_framebuffer_devices()

Kernel/Graphics/VGACompatibleAdapter.h

@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ class VGACompatibleAdapter : public GraphicsDevice
     , public PCI::Device {
     AK_MAKE_ETERNAL
 public:
-    static NonnullRefPtr<VGACompatibleAdapter> initialize_with_preset_resolution(PCI::Address, PhysicalAddress, size_t framebuffer_width, size_t framebuffer_height, size_t framebuffer_pitch);
+    static NonnullRefPtr<VGACompatibleAdapter> initialize_with_preset_resolution(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const&, PhysicalAddress, size_t framebuffer_width, size_t framebuffer_height, size_t framebuffer_pitch);
-    static NonnullRefPtr<VGACompatibleAdapter> initialize(PCI::Address);
+    static NonnullRefPtr<VGACompatibleAdapter> initialize(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const&);
 
     virtual bool framebuffer_devices_initialized() const override { return !m_framebuffer_device.is_null(); }
 

Kernel/Graphics/VirtIOGPU/GPU.cpp

@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ void GPU::initialize()
     }
 }
 
-GPU::GPU(PCI::Address address)
+GPU::GPU(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& device_identifier)
-    : VirtIO::Device(address)
+    : VirtIO::Device(device_identifier)
 {
     auto region_or_error = MM.allocate_contiguous_kernel_region(32 * PAGE_SIZE, "VirtGPU Scratch Space", Memory::Region::Access::ReadWrite);
     if (region_or_error.is_error())

Kernel/Graphics/VirtIOGPU/GPU.h

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class GPU final
     friend class FrameBufferDevice;
 
 public:
-    GPU(PCI::Address);
+    GPU(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const&);
     virtual ~GPU() override;
 
     void create_framebuffer_devices();

Kernel/Graphics/VirtIOGPU/GraphicsAdapter.cpp

@@ -13,16 +13,16 @@
 
 namespace Kernel::Graphics::VirtIOGPU {
 
-NonnullRefPtr<GraphicsAdapter> GraphicsAdapter::initialize(PCI::Address base_address)
+NonnullRefPtr<GraphicsAdapter> GraphicsAdapter::initialize(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& device_identifier)
 {
-    VERIFY(PCI::get_hardware_id(base_address).vendor_id == PCI::VendorID::VirtIO);
+    VERIFY(device_identifier.hardware_id().vendor_id == PCI::VendorID::VirtIO);
-    return adopt_ref(*new GraphicsAdapter(base_address));
+    return adopt_ref(*new GraphicsAdapter(device_identifier));
 }
 
-GraphicsAdapter::GraphicsAdapter(PCI::Address base_address)
+GraphicsAdapter::GraphicsAdapter(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& device_identifier)
-    : PCI::Device(base_address)
+    : PCI::Device(device_identifier.address())
 {
-    m_gpu_device = adopt_ref(*new GPU(base_address)).leak_ref();
+    m_gpu_device = adopt_ref(*new GPU(device_identifier)).leak_ref();
     m_gpu_device->initialize();
 }
 

Kernel/Graphics/VirtIOGPU/GraphicsAdapter.h

@@ -18,12 +18,12 @@ class GraphicsAdapter final
     AK_MAKE_ETERNAL
 
 public:
-    static NonnullRefPtr<GraphicsAdapter> initialize(PCI::Address);
+    static NonnullRefPtr<GraphicsAdapter> initialize(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const&);
 
     virtual bool framebuffer_devices_initialized() const override { return m_created_framebuffer_devices; }
 
 private:
-    explicit GraphicsAdapter(PCI::Address base_address);
+    explicit GraphicsAdapter(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const&);
 
     virtual void initialize_framebuffer_devices() override;
     virtual Type type() const override { return Type::Raw; }

Kernel/Net/E1000ENetworkAdapter.cpp

@@ -180,15 +180,14 @@ static bool is_valid_device_id(u16 device_id)
     }
 }
 
-UNMAP_AFTER_INIT RefPtr<E1000ENetworkAdapter> E1000ENetworkAdapter::try_to_initialize(PCI::Address address)
+UNMAP_AFTER_INIT RefPtr<E1000ENetworkAdapter> E1000ENetworkAdapter::try_to_initialize(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& pci_device_identifier)
 {
-    auto id = PCI::get_hardware_id(address);
+    if (pci_device_identifier.hardware_id().vendor_id != PCI::VendorID::Intel)
-    if (id.vendor_id != PCI::VendorID::Intel)
         return {};
-    if (!is_valid_device_id(id.device_id))
+    if (!is_valid_device_id(pci_device_identifier.hardware_id().device_id))
         return {};
-    u8 irq = PCI::get_interrupt_line(address);
+    u8 irq = PCI::get_interrupt_line(pci_device_identifier.address());
-    auto adapter = adopt_ref_if_nonnull(new (nothrow) E1000ENetworkAdapter(address, irq));
+    auto adapter = adopt_ref_if_nonnull(new (nothrow) E1000ENetworkAdapter(pci_device_identifier.address(), irq));
     if (!adapter)
         return {};
     if (adapter->initialize())

Kernel/Net/E1000ENetworkAdapter.h

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ namespace Kernel {
 class E1000ENetworkAdapter final
     : public E1000NetworkAdapter {
 public:
-    static RefPtr<E1000ENetworkAdapter> try_to_initialize(PCI::Address);
+    static RefPtr<E1000ENetworkAdapter> try_to_initialize(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const&);
 
     virtual bool initialize() override;
 

Kernel/Net/E1000NetworkAdapter.cpp

@@ -158,15 +158,14 @@ UNMAP_AFTER_INIT static bool is_valid_device_id(u16 device_id)
     }
 }
 
-UNMAP_AFTER_INIT RefPtr<E1000NetworkAdapter> E1000NetworkAdapter::try_to_initialize(PCI::Address address)
+UNMAP_AFTER_INIT RefPtr<E1000NetworkAdapter> E1000NetworkAdapter::try_to_initialize(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& pci_device_identifier)
 {
-    auto id = PCI::get_hardware_id(address);
+    if (pci_device_identifier.hardware_id().vendor_id != PCI::VendorID::Intel)
-    if (id.vendor_id != PCI::VendorID::Intel)
         return {};
-    if (!is_valid_device_id(id.device_id))
+    if (!is_valid_device_id(pci_device_identifier.hardware_id().device_id))
         return {};
-    u8 irq = PCI::get_interrupt_line(address);
+    u8 irq = PCI::get_interrupt_line(pci_device_identifier.address());
-    auto adapter = adopt_ref_if_nonnull(new (nothrow) E1000NetworkAdapter(address, irq));
+    auto adapter = adopt_ref_if_nonnull(new (nothrow) E1000NetworkAdapter(pci_device_identifier.address(), irq));
     if (!adapter)
         return {};
     if (adapter->initialize())

Kernel/Net/E1000NetworkAdapter.h

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class E1000NetworkAdapter : public NetworkAdapter
     , public PCI::Device
     , public IRQHandler {
 public:
-    static RefPtr<E1000NetworkAdapter> try_to_initialize(PCI::Address);
+    static RefPtr<E1000NetworkAdapter> try_to_initialize(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const&);
 
     virtual bool initialize();
 

Kernel/Net/NE2000NetworkAdapter.cpp

@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ struct [[gnu::packed]] received_packet_header {
     u16 length;
 };
 
-UNMAP_AFTER_INIT RefPtr<NE2000NetworkAdapter> NE2000NetworkAdapter::try_to_initialize(PCI::Address address)
+UNMAP_AFTER_INIT RefPtr<NE2000NetworkAdapter> NE2000NetworkAdapter::try_to_initialize(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& pci_device_identifier)
 {
     constexpr auto ne2k_ids = Array {
         PCI::HardwareID { 0x10EC, 0x8029 }, // RealTek RTL-8029(AS)
@@ -154,11 +154,10 @@ UNMAP_AFTER_INIT RefPtr<NE2000NetworkAdapter> NE2000NetworkAdapter::try_to_initi
         PCI::HardwareID { 0x12c3, 0x5598 }, // Holtek HT80229
         PCI::HardwareID { 0x8c4a, 0x1980 }, // Winbond W89C940 (misprogrammed)
     };
-    auto id = PCI::get_hardware_id(address);
+    if (!ne2k_ids.span().contains_slow(pci_device_identifier.hardware_id()))
-    if (!ne2k_ids.span().contains_slow(id))
         return {};
-    u8 irq = PCI::get_interrupt_line(address);
+    u8 irq = PCI::get_interrupt_line(pci_device_identifier.address());
-    return adopt_ref_if_nonnull(new (nothrow) NE2000NetworkAdapter(address, irq));
+    return adopt_ref_if_nonnull(new (nothrow) NE2000NetworkAdapter(pci_device_identifier.address(), irq));
 }
 
 UNMAP_AFTER_INIT NE2000NetworkAdapter::NE2000NetworkAdapter(PCI::Address address, u8 irq)

Kernel/Net/NE2000NetworkAdapter.h

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class NE2000NetworkAdapter final : public NetworkAdapter
     , public PCI::Device
     , public IRQHandler {
 public:
-    static RefPtr<NE2000NetworkAdapter> try_to_initialize(PCI::Address);
+    static RefPtr<NE2000NetworkAdapter> try_to_initialize(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const&);
 
     virtual ~NE2000NetworkAdapter() override;
 

Kernel/Net/NetworkingManagement.cpp

@@ -73,17 +73,17 @@ RefPtr<NetworkAdapter> NetworkingManagement::lookup_by_name(const StringView& na
     return found_adapter;
 }
 
-UNMAP_AFTER_INIT RefPtr<NetworkAdapter> NetworkingManagement::determine_network_device(PCI::Address address) const
+UNMAP_AFTER_INIT RefPtr<NetworkAdapter> NetworkingManagement::determine_network_device(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& device_identifier) const
 {
-    if (auto candidate = E1000NetworkAdapter::try_to_initialize(address); !candidate.is_null())
+    if (auto candidate = E1000NetworkAdapter::try_to_initialize(device_identifier); !candidate.is_null())
         return candidate;
-    if (auto candidate = E1000ENetworkAdapter::try_to_initialize(address); !candidate.is_null())
+    if (auto candidate = E1000ENetworkAdapter::try_to_initialize(device_identifier); !candidate.is_null())
         return candidate;
-    if (auto candidate = RTL8139NetworkAdapter::try_to_initialize(address); !candidate.is_null())
+    if (auto candidate = RTL8139NetworkAdapter::try_to_initialize(device_identifier); !candidate.is_null())
         return candidate;
-    if (auto candidate = RTL8168NetworkAdapter::try_to_initialize(address); !candidate.is_null())
+    if (auto candidate = RTL8168NetworkAdapter::try_to_initialize(device_identifier); !candidate.is_null())
         return candidate;
-    if (auto candidate = NE2000NetworkAdapter::try_to_initialize(address); !candidate.is_null())
+    if (auto candidate = NE2000NetworkAdapter::try_to_initialize(device_identifier); !candidate.is_null())
         return candidate;
     return {};
 }
@@ -91,11 +91,11 @@ UNMAP_AFTER_INIT RefPtr<NetworkAdapter> NetworkingManagement::determine_network_
 bool NetworkingManagement::initialize()
 {
     if (!kernel_command_line().is_physical_networking_disabled()) {
-        PCI::enumerate([&](const PCI::Address& address, PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& device_identifier) {
+        PCI::enumerate([&](const PCI::Address&, PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& device_identifier) {
             // Note: PCI class 2 is the class of Network devices
             if (device_identifier.class_code().value() != 0x02)
                 return;
-            if (auto adapter = determine_network_device(address); !adapter.is_null())
+            if (auto adapter = determine_network_device(device_identifier); !adapter.is_null())
                 m_adapters.append(adapter.release_nonnull());
         });
     }

Kernel/Net/NetworkingManagement.h

@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ public:
     NonnullRefPtr<NetworkAdapter> loopback_adapter() const;
 
 private:
-    RefPtr<NetworkAdapter> determine_network_device(PCI::Address address) const;
+    RefPtr<NetworkAdapter> determine_network_device(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const&) const;
 
     NonnullRefPtrVector<NetworkAdapter> m_adapters;
     RefPtr<NetworkAdapter> m_loopback_adapter;

Kernel/Net/RTL8139NetworkAdapter.cpp

@@ -112,14 +112,13 @@ namespace Kernel {
 #define RX_BUFFER_SIZE 32768
 #define TX_BUFFER_SIZE PACKET_SIZE_MAX
 
-UNMAP_AFTER_INIT RefPtr<RTL8139NetworkAdapter> RTL8139NetworkAdapter::try_to_initialize(PCI::Address address)
+UNMAP_AFTER_INIT RefPtr<RTL8139NetworkAdapter> RTL8139NetworkAdapter::try_to_initialize(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& pci_device_identifier)
 {
     constexpr PCI::HardwareID rtl8139_id = { 0x10EC, 0x8139 };
-    auto id = PCI::get_hardware_id(address);
+    if (pci_device_identifier.hardware_id() != rtl8139_id)
-    if (id != rtl8139_id)
         return {};
-    u8 irq = PCI::get_interrupt_line(address);
+    u8 irq = PCI::get_interrupt_line(pci_device_identifier.address());
-    return adopt_ref_if_nonnull(new (nothrow) RTL8139NetworkAdapter(address, irq));
+    return adopt_ref_if_nonnull(new (nothrow) RTL8139NetworkAdapter(pci_device_identifier.address(), irq));
 }
 
 UNMAP_AFTER_INIT RTL8139NetworkAdapter::RTL8139NetworkAdapter(PCI::Address address, u8 irq)

Kernel/Net/RTL8139NetworkAdapter.h

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class RTL8139NetworkAdapter final : public NetworkAdapter
     , public PCI::Device
     , public IRQHandler {
 public:
-    static RefPtr<RTL8139NetworkAdapter> try_to_initialize(PCI::Address);
+    static RefPtr<RTL8139NetworkAdapter> try_to_initialize(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const&);
 
     virtual ~RTL8139NetworkAdapter() override;
 

Kernel/Net/RTL8168NetworkAdapter.cpp

@@ -181,15 +181,14 @@ namespace Kernel {
 #define TX_BUFFER_SIZE 0x1FF8
 #define RX_BUFFER_SIZE 0x1FF8 // FIXME: this should be increased (0x3FFF)
 
-UNMAP_AFTER_INIT RefPtr<RTL8168NetworkAdapter> RTL8168NetworkAdapter::try_to_initialize(PCI::Address address)
+UNMAP_AFTER_INIT RefPtr<RTL8168NetworkAdapter> RTL8168NetworkAdapter::try_to_initialize(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& pci_device_identifier)
 {
-    auto id = PCI::get_hardware_id(address);
+    if (pci_device_identifier.hardware_id().vendor_id != PCI::VendorID::Realtek)
-    if (id.vendor_id != PCI::VendorID::Realtek)
         return {};
-    if (id.device_id != 0x8168)
+    if (pci_device_identifier.hardware_id().device_id != 0x8168)
         return {};
-    u8 irq = PCI::get_interrupt_line(address);
+    u8 irq = PCI::get_interrupt_line(pci_device_identifier.address());
-    return adopt_ref_if_nonnull(new (nothrow) RTL8168NetworkAdapter(address, irq));
+    return adopt_ref_if_nonnull(new (nothrow) RTL8168NetworkAdapter(pci_device_identifier.address(), irq));
 }
 
 bool RTL8168NetworkAdapter::determine_supported_version() const

Kernel/Net/RTL8168NetworkAdapter.h

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class RTL8168NetworkAdapter final : public NetworkAdapter
     , public PCI::Device
     , public IRQHandler {
 public:
-    static RefPtr<RTL8168NetworkAdapter> try_to_initialize(PCI::Address);
+    static RefPtr<RTL8168NetworkAdapter> try_to_initialize(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const&);
 
     virtual ~RTL8168NetworkAdapter() override;
 

Kernel/Storage/AHCIController.cpp

@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
-NonnullRefPtr<AHCIController> AHCIController::initialize(PCI::Address address)
+NonnullRefPtr<AHCIController> AHCIController::initialize(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& pci_device_identifier)
 {
-    return adopt_ref(*new AHCIController(address));
+    return adopt_ref(*new AHCIController(pci_device_identifier.address()));
 }
 
 bool AHCIController::reset()

Kernel/Storage/AHCIController.h

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class AHCIController final : public StorageController
     friend class AHCIPort;
     AK_MAKE_ETERNAL
 public:
-    UNMAP_AFTER_INIT static NonnullRefPtr<AHCIController> initialize(PCI::Address address);
+    UNMAP_AFTER_INIT static NonnullRefPtr<AHCIController> initialize(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& pci_device_identifier);
     virtual ~AHCIController() override;
 
     virtual RefPtr<StorageDevice> device(u32 index) const override;

Kernel/Storage/IDEController.cpp

@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@
 
 namespace Kernel {
 
-UNMAP_AFTER_INIT NonnullRefPtr<IDEController> IDEController::initialize(PCI::Address address, bool force_pio)
+UNMAP_AFTER_INIT NonnullRefPtr<IDEController> IDEController::initialize(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& device_identifier, bool force_pio)
 {
-    return adopt_ref(*new IDEController(address, force_pio));
+    return adopt_ref(*new IDEController(device_identifier, force_pio));
 }
 
 bool IDEController::reset()
@@ -51,12 +51,13 @@ void IDEController::complete_current_request(AsyncDeviceRequest::RequestResult)
     VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
 }
 
-UNMAP_AFTER_INIT IDEController::IDEController(PCI::Address address, bool force_pio)
+UNMAP_AFTER_INIT IDEController::IDEController(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& device_identifier, bool force_pio)
     : StorageController()
-    , PCI::Device(address)
+    , PCI::Device(device_identifier.address())
+    , m_prog_if(device_identifier.prog_if())
 {
-    PCI::enable_io_space(address);
+    PCI::enable_io_space(device_identifier.address());
-    PCI::enable_memory_space(address);
+    PCI::enable_memory_space(device_identifier.address());
     initialize(force_pio);
 }
 
@@ -66,22 +67,22 @@ UNMAP_AFTER_INIT IDEController::~IDEController()
 
 bool IDEController::is_pci_native_mode_enabled() const
 {
-    return (PCI::get_programming_interface(pci_address()) & 0x05) != 0;
+    return (m_prog_if.value() & 0x05) != 0;
 }
 
 bool IDEController::is_pci_native_mode_enabled_on_primary_channel() const
 {
-    return (PCI::get_programming_interface(pci_address()) & 0x1) == 0x1;
+    return (m_prog_if.value() & 0x1) == 0x1;
 }
 
 bool IDEController::is_pci_native_mode_enabled_on_secondary_channel() const
 {
-    return (PCI::get_programming_interface(pci_address()) & 0x4) == 0x4;
+    return (m_prog_if.value() & 0x4) == 0x4;
 }
 
 bool IDEController::is_bus_master_capable() const
 {
-    return PCI::get_programming_interface(pci_address()) & (1 << 7);
+    return m_prog_if.value() & (1 << 7);
 }
 
 static const char* detect_controller_type(u8 programming_value)
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@ UNMAP_AFTER_INIT void IDEController::initialize(bool force_pio)
     auto bus_master_base = IOAddress(PCI::get_BAR4(pci_address()) & (~1));
     dbgln("IDE controller @ {}: bus master base was set to {}", pci_address(), bus_master_base);
     dbgln("IDE controller @ {}: interrupt line was set to {}", pci_address(), PCI::get_interrupt_line(pci_address()));
-    dbgln("IDE controller @ {}: {}", pci_address(), detect_controller_type(PCI::get_programming_interface(pci_address())));
+    dbgln("IDE controller @ {}: {}", pci_address(), detect_controller_type(m_prog_if.value()));
     dbgln("IDE controller @ {}: primary channel DMA capable? {}", pci_address(), ((bus_master_base.offset(2).in<u8>() >> 5) & 0b11));
     dbgln("IDE controller @ {}: secondary channel DMA capable? {}", pci_address(), ((bus_master_base.offset(2 + 8).in<u8>() >> 5) & 0b11));
 

Kernel/Storage/IDEController.h

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ class IDEController final : public StorageController
     , public PCI::Device {
     AK_MAKE_ETERNAL
 public:
-    static NonnullRefPtr<IDEController> initialize(PCI::Address address, bool force_pio);
+    static NonnullRefPtr<IDEController> initialize(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const&, bool force_pio);
     virtual ~IDEController() override;
 
     virtual RefPtr<StorageDevice> device(u32 index) const override;
@@ -37,12 +37,14 @@ public:
 private:
     bool is_pci_native_mode_enabled_on_primary_channel() const;
     bool is_pci_native_mode_enabled_on_secondary_channel() const;
-    IDEController(PCI::Address address, bool force_pio);
+    IDEController(PCI::DeviceIdentifier const&, bool force_pio);
 
     RefPtr<StorageDevice> device_by_channel_and_position(u32 index) const;
     void initialize(bool force_pio);
     void detect_disks();
 
     NonnullRefPtrVector<IDEChannel> m_channels;
+    // FIXME: Find a better way to get the ProgrammingInterface
+    PCI::ProgrammingInterface m_prog_if;
 };
 }

Kernel/Storage/StorageManagement.cpp

@@ -44,15 +44,15 @@ UNMAP_AFTER_INIT void StorageManagement::enumerate_controllers(bool force_pio)
     VERIFY(m_controllers.is_empty());
     if (!kernel_command_line().disable_physical_storage()) {
         if (kernel_command_line().is_ide_enabled()) {
-            PCI::enumerate([&](const PCI::Address& address, PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& device_identifier) {
+            PCI::enumerate([&](const PCI::Address&, PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& device_identifier) {
                 if (device_identifier.class_code().value() == PCI_MASS_STORAGE_CLASS_ID && device_identifier.subclass_code().value() == PCI_IDE_CTRL_SUBCLASS_ID) {
-                    m_controllers.append(IDEController::initialize(address, force_pio));
+                    m_controllers.append(IDEController::initialize(device_identifier, force_pio));
                 }
             });
         }
-        PCI::enumerate([&](const PCI::Address& address, PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& device_identifier) {
+        PCI::enumerate([&](const PCI::Address&, PCI::DeviceIdentifier const& device_identifier) {
             if (device_identifier.class_code().value() == PCI_MASS_STORAGE_CLASS_ID && device_identifier.subclass_code().value() == PCI_SATA_CTRL_SUBCLASS_ID && device_identifier.prog_if().value() == PCI_AHCI_IF_PROGIF) {
-                m_controllers.append(AHCIController::initialize(address));
+                m_controllers.append(AHCIController::initialize(device_identifier));
             }
         });
     }