Kernel: Detect APs and boot them into protected mode

This isn't fully working, the APs pretend like they're
fully initialized and are just halted permanently for now.

Kernel/Arch/i386/Boot/boot.S

@@ -218,7 +218,6 @@ start:
     pushl $exit_message
     call kprintf
     add $4, %esp
-
     cli
 
 loop:
@@ -227,3 +226,171 @@ loop:
 
 exit_message:
     .asciz "Kernel exited."
+
+.extern init_ap
+.type init_ap, @function
+
+/*
+  The apic_ap_start function will be loaded to P0x00008000 where the APIC
+  will boot the AP from in real mode. This code also contains space for
+  special variables that *must* remain here. When initializing the APIC,
+  the code here gets copied to P0x00008000, the variables in here get
+  populated and then the the boot of the APs will be triggered. Having
+  the variables here allows us to access them from real mode. Also, the
+  code here avoids the need for relocation entries.
+
+  Basically, the variables between apic_ap_start and end_apic_ap_start
+  *MUST* remain here and cannot be moved into a .bss or any other location.
+*/
+.global apic_ap_start
+.type apic_ap_start, @function
+apic_ap_start:
+.code16
+    cli
+    jmp $0x800, $(1f - apic_ap_start) /* avoid relocation entries */
+1:
+    mov %cs, %ax
+    mov %ax, %ds
+
+    /* Generate a new processor id. This is not the APIC id. We just
+       need a way to find ourselves a stack without stomping on other
+       APs that may be doing this concurrently. */
+    xor %ax, %ax
+    mov %ax, %bp
+    inc %ax
+    lock; xaddw %ax, %ds:(ap_cpu_id - apic_ap_start)(%bp) /* avoid relocation entries */
+    mov %ax, %bx
+
+    xor %ax, %ax
+    mov %ax, %sp
+
+    /* load the first temporary gdt */
+    lgdt (ap_cpu_gdtr_initial - apic_ap_start)
+
+    /* enable PM */
+    movl %cr0, %eax
+    orl $1, %eax
+    movl %eax, %cr0
+
+    ljmpl $8, $(apic_ap_start32 - apic_ap_start + 0x8000)
+apic_ap_start32:
+.code32
+    mov $0x10, %ax
+    mov %ax, %ss
+    mov %ax, %ds
+    mov %ax, %es
+    mov %ax, %fs
+    mov %ax, %gs
+    
+    movl $0x8000, %ebp
+    
+    /* find our allocated stack based on the generated id */
+    andl 0x0000FFFF, %ebx
+    movl %ebx, %esi
+    movl (ap_cpu_init_stacks - apic_ap_start)(%ebp, %ebx, 4), %esp
+    
+    /* check if we support NX and enable it if we do */
+    movl $0x80000001, %eax
+    cpuid
+    testl $0x100000, %edx
+    je (1f - apic_ap_start + 0x8000)
+    /* turn on IA32_EFER.NXE */
+    movl $0xc0000080, %ecx
+    rdmsr
+    orl $0x800, %eax
+    wrmsr
+1:
+    
+    /* load the bsp's cr3 value */
+    movl (ap_cpu_init_cr3 - apic_ap_start)(%ebp), %eax
+    movl %eax, %cr3
+    
+    /* enable PAE + PSE */
+    movl %cr4, %eax
+    orl $0x60, %eax
+    movl %eax, %cr4
+
+    /* enable PG */
+    movl %cr0, %eax
+    orl $0x80000000, %eax
+    movl %eax, %cr0
+
+    /* load a second temporary gdt that points above 3GB */
+    lgdt (ap_cpu_gdtr_initial2 - apic_ap_start + 0xc0008000)
+
+    /* jump above 3GB into our identity mapped area now */
+    ljmp $8, $(1f - apic_ap_start + 0xc0008000)
+1:
+    /* flush the TLB */
+    movl %cr3, %eax
+    movl %eax, %cr3
+    
+    movl $0xc0008000, %ebp
+    
+    /* now load the final gdt and idt from the identity mapped area */
+    movl (ap_cpu_gdtr - apic_ap_start)(%ebp), %eax
+    lgdt (%eax)
+    movl (ap_cpu_idtr - apic_ap_start)(%ebp), %eax
+    lidt (%eax)
+
+    /* set same cr0 and cr4 values as the BSP */
+    movl (ap_cpu_init_cr0 - apic_ap_start)(%ebp), %eax
+    movl %eax, %cr0
+    movl (ap_cpu_init_cr4 - apic_ap_start)(%ebp), %eax
+    movl %eax, %cr4
+
+    xor %ebp, %ebp
+    cld
+    
+    /* push the arbitrary cpu id, 0 representing the bsp and call into c++ */
+    inc %esi
+    push %esi
+    /* We are in identity mapped P0x8000 and the BSP will unload this code
+       once all APs are initialized, so call init_ap but return to our
+       infinite loop */
+    push $loop
+    ljmp $8, $init_ap
+
+.align 4
+.global apic_ap_start_size
+apic_ap_start_size:
+    .2byte end_apic_ap_start - apic_ap_start
+ap_cpu_id:
+    .2byte 0x0
+ap_cpu_gdt:
+    /* null */
+    .8byte 0x0
+    /* code */
+    .4byte 0x0000FFFF
+    .4byte 0x00cf9a00
+    /* data */
+    .4byte 0x0000FFFF
+    .4byte 0x00cf9200
+ap_cpu_gdt_end:
+ap_cpu_gdtr_initial:
+    .2byte ap_cpu_gdt_end - ap_cpu_gdt - 1
+    .4byte (ap_cpu_gdt - apic_ap_start) + 0x8000
+ap_cpu_gdtr_initial2:
+    .2byte ap_cpu_gdt_end - ap_cpu_gdt - 1
+    .4byte (ap_cpu_gdt - apic_ap_start) + 0xc0008000
+.global ap_cpu_gdtr
+ap_cpu_gdtr:
+    .4byte 0x0 /* will be set at runtime */
+.global ap_cpu_idtr
+ap_cpu_idtr:
+    .4byte 0x0 /* will be set at runtime */
+.global ap_cpu_init_cr0
+ap_cpu_init_cr0:
+    .4byte 0x0 /* will be set at runtime */
+.global ap_cpu_init_cr3
+ap_cpu_init_cr3:
+    .4byte 0x0 /* will be set at runtime */
+.global ap_cpu_init_cr4
+ap_cpu_init_cr4:
+    .4byte 0x0 /* will be set at runtime */
+.global ap_cpu_init_stacks
+ap_cpu_init_stacks:
+    /* array of allocated stack pointers */
+    /* NOTE: ap_cpu_init_stacks must be the last variable before
+             end_apic_ap_start! */
+.set end_apic_ap_start, .