diff --git a/Userland/Libraries/LibJS/Parser.cpp b/Userland/Libraries/LibJS/Parser.cpp
index 06ee18cefc..7af6cd93e7 100644
--- a/Userland/Libraries/LibJS/Parser.cpp
+++ b/Userland/Libraries/LibJS/Parser.cpp
@@ -3174,6 +3174,9 @@ NonnullRefPtr<OptionalChain> Parser::parse_optional_chain(NonnullRefPtr<Expressi
         } else if (match(TokenType::Period)) {
             consume();
             if (match(TokenType::PrivateIdentifier)) {
+                if (!is_private_identifier_valid())
+                    syntax_error(String::formatted("Reference to undeclared private field or method '{}'", m_state.current_token.value()));
+
                 auto start = position();
                 auto private_identifier = consume();
                 chain.append(OptionalChain::PrivateMemberReference {
diff --git a/Userland/Libraries/LibJS/Tests/classes/class-private-fields.js b/Userland/Libraries/LibJS/Tests/classes/class-private-fields.js
index a00dd74235..30017ad78b 100644
--- a/Userland/Libraries/LibJS/Tests/classes/class-private-fields.js
+++ b/Userland/Libraries/LibJS/Tests/classes/class-private-fields.js
@@ -148,3 +148,38 @@ test("using 'arguments' via indirect eval throws at runtime instead of parse tim
         }
     }).toThrowWithMessage(ReferenceError, "'arguments' is not defined");
 });
+
+test("unknown private name gives SyntaxError", () => {
+    expect(`#n`).not.toEval();
+    expect(`obj.#n`).not.toEval();
+    expect(`this.#n`).not.toEval();
+    expect(`if (#n) 1;`).not.toEval();
+    expect(`1?.#n`).not.toEval();
+    expect(`1?.n.#n`).not.toEval();
+});
+
+// OSS-FUZZ Issue 53363: top level unknown private names seg faults
+expect(() => eval(`#n`)).toThrowWithMessage(
+    SyntaxError,
+    "Reference to undeclared private field or method '#n'"
+);
+expect(() => eval(`obj.#n`)).toThrowWithMessage(
+    SyntaxError,
+    "Reference to undeclared private field or method '#n'"
+);
+expect(() => eval(`this.#n`)).toThrowWithMessage(
+    SyntaxError,
+    "Reference to undeclared private field or method '#n'"
+);
+expect(() => eval(`if (#n) 1;`)).toThrowWithMessage(
+    SyntaxError,
+    "Reference to undeclared private field or method '#n'"
+);
+expect(() => eval(`1?.#n`)).toThrowWithMessage(
+    SyntaxError,
+    "Reference to undeclared private field or method '#n'"
+);
+expect(() => eval(`1?.n.#n`)).toThrowWithMessage(
+    SyntaxError,
+    "Reference to undeclared private field or method '#n'"
+);