AK: Add DuplexMemoryStream class.

This class is similar to BufferStream because it is possible to both
read and write to it. However, it differs in the following ways:

  - DuplexMemoryStream keeps a history of 64KiB and discards the rest,
    BufferStream always keeps everything around.

  - DuplexMemoryStream tracks reading and writing seperately, the
    following is valid:

        DuplexMemoryStream stream;
        stream << 42;
        int value;
        stream >> value;

    For BufferStream it would read:

        BufferStream stream;
        stream << 42;
        int value;
        stream.seek(0);
        stream >> value;

In the future I would like to replace all usages of BufferStream with
InputMemoryStream, OutputMemoryStream (doesn't exist yet) and
DuplexMemoryStream. For now I just add DuplexMemoryStream though.

AK/Stream.h

@@ -26,10 +26,12 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <AK/ByteBuffer.h>
 #include <AK/Concepts.h>
 #include <AK/Forward.h>
 #include <AK/Span.h>
 #include <AK/StdLibExtras.h>
+#include <AK/Vector.h>
 
 namespace AK::Detail {
 
@@ -52,7 +54,7 @@ protected:
 
 namespace AK {
 
-class InputStream : public AK::Detail::Stream {
+class InputStream : public virtual AK::Detail::Stream {
 public:
     virtual size_t read(Bytes) = 0;
     virtual bool read_or_error(Bytes) = 0;
@@ -60,6 +62,17 @@ public:
     virtual bool discard_or_error(size_t count) = 0;
 };
 
+class OutputStream : public virtual AK::Detail::Stream {
+public:
+    virtual size_t write(ReadonlyBytes) = 0;
+    virtual bool write_or_error(ReadonlyBytes) = 0;
+};
+
+class DuplexStream
+    : public InputStream
+    , public OutputStream {
+};
+
 #if defined(__cpp_concepts) && !defined(__COVERITY__)
 template<Concepts::Integral Integral>
 #else
@@ -71,8 +84,21 @@ InputStream& operator>>(InputStream& stream, Integral& value)
     return stream;
 }
 
+#if defined(__cpp_concepts) && !defined(__COVERITY__)
+template<Concepts::Integral Integral>
+#else
+template<typename Integral, typename EnableIf<IsIntegral<Integral>::value, int>::Type = 0>
+#endif
+OutputStream& operator<<(OutputStream& stream, Integral value)
+{
+    stream.write_or_error({ &value, sizeof(value) });
+    return stream;
+}
+
 #ifndef KERNEL
 
+// FIXME: clang-format adds spaces before the #if for some reason.
+// clang-format off
 #if defined(__cpp_concepts) && !defined(__COVERITY__)
 template<Concepts::FloatingPoint FloatingPoint>
 #else
@@ -84,7 +110,19 @@ InputStream& operator>>(InputStream& stream, FloatingPoint& value)
     return stream;
 }
 
+#if defined(__cpp_concepts) && !defined(__COVERITY__)
+template<Concepts::FloatingPoint FloatingPoint>
+#else
+template<typename FloatingPoint, typename EnableIf<IsFloatingPoint<FloatingPoint>::value, int>::Type = 0>
 #endif
+OutputStream& operator<<(OutputStream& stream, FloatingPoint value)
+{
+    stream.write_or_error({ &value, sizeof(value) });
+    return stream;
+}
+
+#endif
+// clang-format on
 
 inline InputStream& operator>>(InputStream& stream, bool& value)
 {
@@ -92,12 +130,24 @@ inline InputStream& operator>>(InputStream& stream, bool& value)
     return stream;
 }
 
+inline OutputStream& operator<<(OutputStream& stream, bool value)
+{
+    stream.write_or_error({ &value, sizeof(value) });
+    return stream;
+}
+
 inline InputStream& operator>>(InputStream& stream, Bytes bytes)
 {
     stream.read_or_error(bytes);
     return stream;
 }
 
+inline OutputStream& operator<<(OutputStream& stream, ReadonlyBytes bytes)
+{
+    stream.write_or_error(bytes);
+    return stream;
+}
+
 class InputMemoryStream final : public InputStream {
     friend InputMemoryStream& operator>>(InputMemoryStream& stream, String& string);
 
@@ -224,7 +274,103 @@ private:
     size_t m_offset { 0 };
 };
 
+// All data written to this stream can be read from it. Reading and writing is done
+// using different offsets, meaning that it is not necessary to seek to the start
+// before reading; this behaviour differs from BufferStream.
+//
+// The stream keeps a history of 64KiB which means that seeking backwards is well
+// defined. Data past that point will be discarded.
+class DuplexMemoryStream final : public DuplexStream {
+public:
+    static constexpr size_t chunk_size = 4 * 1024;
+    static constexpr size_t history_size = 64 * 1024;
+
+    bool eof() const override { return m_write_offset == m_read_offset; }
+
+    bool discard_or_error(size_t count) override
+    {
+        if (m_write_offset - m_read_offset < count) {
+            m_error = true;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        m_read_offset += count;
+        try_discard_chunks();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    size_t read(Bytes bytes) override
+    {
+        size_t nread = 0;
+        while (bytes.size() - nread > 0 && m_write_offset - m_read_offset - nread > 0) {
+            const auto chunk_index = (m_read_offset - m_base_offset) / chunk_size;
+            const auto chunk_bytes = m_chunks[chunk_index].bytes().slice(m_read_offset % chunk_size).trim(m_write_offset - m_read_offset - nread);
+            nread += chunk_bytes.copy_trimmed_to(bytes.slice(nread));
+        }
+
+        m_read_offset += nread;
+        try_discard_chunks();
+        return nread;
+    }
+
+    bool read_or_error(Bytes bytes) override
+    {
+        if (m_write_offset - m_read_offset < bytes.size()) {
+            m_error = true;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        read(bytes);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    size_t write(ReadonlyBytes bytes) override
+    {
+        size_t nwritten = 0;
+        while (bytes.size() - nwritten > 0) {
+            if ((m_write_offset + nwritten) % chunk_size == 0)
+                m_chunks.append(ByteBuffer::create_uninitialized(chunk_size));
+
+            nwritten += bytes.copy_trimmed_to(m_chunks.last().bytes().slice(m_write_offset % chunk_size));
+        }
+
+        m_write_offset += nwritten;
+        return nwritten;
+    }
+
+    bool write_or_error(ReadonlyBytes bytes) override
+    {
+        write(bytes);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void seek(size_t offset)
+    {
+        ASSERT(offset >= m_base_offset);
+        ASSERT(offset <= m_write_offset);
+        m_read_offset = offset;
+    }
+
+    size_t offset() const { return m_read_offset; }
+
+    size_t remaining() const { return m_write_offset - m_read_offset; }
+
+private:
+    void try_discard_chunks()
+    {
+        while (m_read_offset - m_base_offset >= history_size + chunk_size) {
+            m_chunks.take_first();
+            m_base_offset += chunk_size;
+        }
+    }
+
+    Vector<ByteBuffer> m_chunks;
+    size_t m_write_offset { 0 };
+    size_t m_read_offset { 0 };
+    size_t m_base_offset { 0 };
+};
 }
 
+using AK::DuplexMemoryStream;
 using AK::InputMemoryStream;
 using AK::InputStream;