Kernel: Optimize VM range deallocation a bit

Previously, when deallocating a range of VM, we would sort and merge
the range list. This was quite slow for large processes.

This patch optimizes VM deallocation in the following ways:

- Use binary search instead of linear scan to find the place to insert
  the deallocated range.

- Insert at the right place immediately, removing the need to sort.

- Merge the inserted range with any adjacent range(s) in-line instead
  of doing a separate merge pass into a list copy.

- Add Traits<Range> to inform Vector that Range objects are trivial
  and can be moved using memmove().

I've also added an assertion that deallocated ranges are actually part
of the RangeAllocator's initial address range.

I've benchmarked this using g++ to compile Kernel/Process.cpp.
With these changes, compilation goes from ~41 sec to ~35 sec.

AK/BinarySearch.h

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include <AK/StdLibExtras.h>
 #include <AK/Types.h>
 
 namespace AK {
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ int integral_compare(const T& a, const T& b)
 }
 
 template<typename T, typename Compare>
-T* binary_search(T* haystack, size_t haystack_size, const T& needle, Compare compare = integral_compare)
+T* binary_search(T* haystack, size_t haystack_size, const T& needle, Compare compare = integral_compare, int* nearby_index = nullptr)
 {
     int low = 0;
     int high = haystack_size - 1;
@@ -48,9 +49,15 @@ T* binary_search(T* haystack, size_t haystack_size, const T& needle, Compare com
             high = middle - 1;
         else if (comparison > 0)
             low = middle + 1;
-        else
+        else {
+            if (nearby_index)
+                *nearby_index = middle;
             return &haystack[middle];
         }
+    }
+
+    if (nearby_index)
+        *nearby_index = max(0, min(low, high));
 
     return nullptr;
 }

AK/Vector.h

@@ -359,15 +359,19 @@ public:
     }
 
     template<typename C>
-    void insert_before_matching(T&& value, C callback)
+    void insert_before_matching(T&& value, C callback, int first_index = 0, int* inserted_index = nullptr)
     {
-        for (int i = 0; i < size(); ++i) {
+        for (int i = first_index; i < size(); ++i) {
             if (callback(at(i))) {
                 insert(i, move(value));
+                if (inserted_index)
+                    *inserted_index = i;
                 return;
             }
         }
         append(move(value));
+        if (inserted_index)
+            *inserted_index = size() - 1;
     }
 
     Vector& operator=(const Vector& other)

Kernel/VM/RangeAllocator.cpp

@@ -24,10 +24,12 @@
  * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  */
 
+#include <AK/BinarySearch.h>
 #include <AK/QuickSort.h>
 #include <Kernel/Random.h>
 #include <Kernel/VM/RangeAllocator.h>
 #include <Kernel/kstdio.h>
+#include <Kernel/Thread.h>
 
 //#define VRA_DEBUG
 #define VM_GUARD_PAGES
@@ -38,6 +40,7 @@ RangeAllocator::RangeAllocator()
 
 void RangeAllocator::initialize_with_range(VirtualAddress base, size_t size)
 {
+    m_total_range = { base, size };
     m_available_ranges.append({ base, size });
 #ifdef VRA_DEBUG
     dump();
@@ -46,6 +49,7 @@ void RangeAllocator::initialize_with_range(VirtualAddress base, size_t size)
 
 void RangeAllocator::initialize_from_parent(const RangeAllocator& parent_allocator)
 {
+    m_total_range = parent_allocator.m_total_range;
     m_available_ranges = parent_allocator.m_available_ranges;
 }
 
@@ -146,42 +150,40 @@ Range RangeAllocator::allocate_specific(VirtualAddress base, size_t size)
 
 void RangeAllocator::deallocate(Range range)
 {
+    ASSERT(m_total_range.contains(range));
+
 #ifdef VRA_DEBUG
     dbgprintf("VRA: Deallocate: %x(%u)\n", range.base().get(), range.size());
     dump();
 #endif
 
-    for (auto& available_range : m_available_ranges) {
+    ASSERT(!m_available_ranges.is_empty());
-        if (available_range.end() == range.base()) {
-            available_range.m_size += range.size();
-            goto sort_and_merge;
-        }
-    }
-    m_available_ranges.append(range);
 
-sort_and_merge:
+    int nearby_index = 0;
-    // FIXME: We don't have to sort if we insert at the right position immediately.
+    auto* existing_range = binary_search(m_available_ranges.data(), m_available_ranges.size(), range, [](auto& a, auto& b) {
-    quick_sort(m_available_ranges.begin(), m_available_ranges.end(), [](auto& a, auto& b) {
+        return a.base().get() - b.end().get();
-        return a.base() < b.base();
+    }, &nearby_index);
-    });
 
-    Vector<Range> merged_ranges;
+    int inserted_index = 0;
-    merged_ranges.ensure_capacity(m_available_ranges.size());
+    if (existing_range) {
-
+        existing_range->m_size += range.size();
-    for (auto& range : m_available_ranges) {
+        inserted_index = nearby_index;
-        if (merged_ranges.is_empty()) {
+    } else {
-            merged_ranges.append(range);
+        m_available_ranges.insert_before_matching(Range(range), [&](auto& entry) {
-            continue;
+            return entry.base() < range.end();
-        }
+        }, nearby_index, &inserted_index);
-        if (range.base() == merged_ranges.last().end()) {
-            merged_ranges.last().m_size += range.size();
-            continue;
-        }
-        merged_ranges.append(range);
     }
 
-    m_available_ranges = move(merged_ranges);
+    if (inserted_index < (m_available_ranges.size() - 1)) {
-
+        // We already merged with previous. Try to merge with next.
+        auto& inserted_range = m_available_ranges[inserted_index];
+        auto& next_range = m_available_ranges[inserted_index + 1];
+        if (inserted_range.end() == next_range.base()) {
+            inserted_range.m_size += next_range.size();
+            m_available_ranges.remove(inserted_index + 1);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
 #ifdef VRA_DEBUG
     dbgprintf("VRA: After deallocate\n");
     dump();

Kernel/VM/RangeAllocator.h

@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <AK/String.h>
+#include <AK/Traits.h>
 #include <AK/Vector.h>
 #include <Kernel/VM/VirtualAddress.h>
 
@@ -89,9 +90,17 @@ private:
     void carve_at_index(int, const Range&);
 
     Vector<Range> m_available_ranges;
+    Range m_total_range;
 };
 
 inline const LogStream& operator<<(const LogStream& stream, const Range& value)
 {
     return stream << String::format("Range(%x-%x)", value.base().get(), value.end().get() - 1);
 }
+
+namespace AK {
+template<>
+struct Traits<Range> : public GenericTraits<Range> {
+    static constexpr bool is_trivial() { return true; }
+};
+}