Non-interleaved files always have an MCU of one data unit.
(A "data unit" is an 8x8 tile of pixels, and an "MCU" is a
"minium coded unit", e.g. 2x2 data units for luminance and
1 data unit each for Cr and Cb for a YCrCb image with
4:2:0 subsampling.)
For the test case, I converted an existing image to a ppm:
Build/lagom/bin/image -o out.ppm \
Tests/LibGfx/test-inputs/jpg/12-bit.jpg
Then I converted it to grayscale and saved it as a pgm in Photoshop.
Then I turned it into a weird jpeg like so:
path/to/cjpeg \
-outfile Tests/LibGfx/test-inputs/jpg/grayscale_mcu.jpg \
-sample 2x2 -restart 3 out.pgm
Makes 3 of the 5 jpegs failing to decode at #22780 go.