Problem:
- It is not possible to perform a binary search at compile-time
because `binary_search` is not `constexpr`-aware.
Solution:
- Add `constexpr` support.
As suggested by Joshua, this commit adds the 2-clause BSD license as a
comment block to the top of every source file.
For the first pass, I've just added myself for simplicity. I encourage
everyone to add themselves as copyright holders of any file they've
added or modified in some significant way. If I've added myself in
error somewhere, feel free to replace it with the appropriate copyright
holder instead.
Going forward, all new source files should include a license header.
binary_search takes a haystack, a size, a needle and a compare function.
The compare function should return negative if a < b, positive if a > b
and 0 if a == b. The "sane default" compare function is integral_compare
which implements this with subtraction a - b.
binary_search returns a pointer to a matching element, NOT necessarily
the FIRST matching element. It returns a nullptr if the element was not
found.
This patch includes tests for binary_search.
