This commit removes DeprecatedString's "null" state, and replaces all
its users with one of the following:
- A normal, empty DeprecatedString
- Optional<DeprecatedString>
Note that null states of DeprecatedFlyString/StringView/etc are *not*
affected by this commit. However, DeprecatedString::empty() is now
considered equal to a null StringView.
This implements the stop-opacity, fill-opacity, and stroke-opacity
properties (in CSS). This replaces the existing more ad-hoc
fill-opacity attribute handling.