serenity/Userland/Libraries/LibCore/EventLoopImplementationUnix.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2023, Andreas Kling <kling@serenityos.org>
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
 */

#include <AK/IDAllocator.h>
#include <AK/Singleton.h>
#include <AK/TemporaryChange.h>
#include <AK/Time.h>
#include <AK/WeakPtr.h>
#include <LibCore/Event.h>
#include <LibCore/EventLoopImplementationUnix.h>
#include <LibCore/Notifier.h>
#include <LibCore/Object.h>
#include <LibCore/Socket.h>
#include <LibCore/System.h>
#include <LibCore/ThreadEventQueue.h>
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <unistd.h>

namespace Core {

struct ThreadData;

namespace {
thread_local ThreadData* s_thread_data;
}

struct EventLoopTimer {
    int timer_id { 0 };
    Duration interval;
    MonotonicTime fire_time { MonotonicTime::now_coarse() };
    bool should_reload { false };
    TimerShouldFireWhenNotVisible fire_when_not_visible { TimerShouldFireWhenNotVisible::No };
    WeakPtr<Object> owner;

    void reload(MonotonicTime const& now) { fire_time = now + interval; }
    bool has_expired(MonotonicTime const& now) const { return now > fire_time; }
};

struct ThreadData {
    static ThreadData& the()
    {
        if (!s_thread_data) {
            // FIXME: Don't leak this.
            s_thread_data = new ThreadData;
        }
        return *s_thread_data;
    }

    ThreadData()
    {
        pid = getpid();
        initialize_wake_pipe();
    }

    void initialize_wake_pipe()
    {
        if (wake_pipe_fds[0] != -1)
            close(wake_pipe_fds[0]);
        if (wake_pipe_fds[1] != -1)
            close(wake_pipe_fds[1]);

#if defined(SOCK_NONBLOCK)
        int rc = pipe2(wake_pipe_fds, O_CLOEXEC);
#else
        int rc = pipe(wake_pipe_fds);
        fcntl(wake_pipe_fds[0], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
        fcntl(wake_pipe_fds[1], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);

#endif
        VERIFY(rc == 0);
    }

    // Each thread has its own timers, notifiers and a wake pipe.
    HashMap<int, NonnullOwnPtr<EventLoopTimer>> timers;
    HashTable<Notifier*> notifiers;

    // The wake pipe is used to notify another event loop that someone has called wake(), or a signal has been received.
    // wake() writes 0i32 into the pipe, signals write the signal number (guaranteed non-zero).
    int wake_pipe_fds[2] { -1, -1 };

    pid_t pid { 0 };

    IDAllocator id_allocator;
};

EventLoopImplementationUnix::EventLoopImplementationUnix()
    : m_wake_pipe_fds(&ThreadData::the().wake_pipe_fds)
{
}

EventLoopImplementationUnix::~EventLoopImplementationUnix() = default;

int EventLoopImplementationUnix::exec()
{
    for (;;) {
        if (m_exit_requested)
            return m_exit_code;
        pump(PumpMode::WaitForEvents);
    }
    VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
}

size_t EventLoopImplementationUnix::pump(PumpMode mode)
{
    static_cast<EventLoopManagerUnix&>(EventLoopManager::the()).wait_for_events(mode);
    return ThreadEventQueue::current().process();
}

void EventLoopImplementationUnix::quit(int code)
{
    m_exit_requested = true;
    m_exit_code = code;
}

void EventLoopImplementationUnix::unquit()
{
    m_exit_requested = false;
    m_exit_code = 0;
}

bool EventLoopImplementationUnix::was_exit_requested() const
{
    return m_exit_requested;
}

void EventLoopImplementationUnix::post_event(Object& receiver, NonnullOwnPtr<Event>&& event)
{
    m_thread_event_queue.post_event(receiver, move(event));
    if (&m_thread_event_queue != &ThreadEventQueue::current())
        wake();
}

void EventLoopImplementationUnix::wake()
{
    int wake_event = 0;
    MUST(Core::System::write((*m_wake_pipe_fds)[1], { &wake_event, sizeof(wake_event) }));
}

void EventLoopManagerUnix::wait_for_events(EventLoopImplementation::PumpMode mode)
{
    auto& thread_data = ThreadData::the();

    fd_set read_fds {};
    fd_set write_fds {};
retry:
    int max_fd = 0;
    auto add_fd_to_set = [&max_fd](int fd, fd_set& set) {
        FD_SET(fd, &set);
        if (fd > max_fd)
            max_fd = fd;
    };

    int max_fd_added = -1;
    // The wake pipe informs us of POSIX signals as well as manual calls to wake()
    add_fd_to_set(thread_data.wake_pipe_fds[0], read_fds);
    max_fd = max(max_fd, max_fd_added);

    for (auto& notifier : thread_data.notifiers) {
        if (notifier->type() == Notifier::Type::Read)
            add_fd_to_set(notifier->fd(), read_fds);
        if (notifier->type() == Notifier::Type::Write)
            add_fd_to_set(notifier->fd(), write_fds);
        if (notifier->type() == Notifier::Type::Exceptional)
            TODO();
    }

    bool has_pending_events = ThreadEventQueue::current().has_pending_events();

    // Figure out how long to wait at maximum.
    // This mainly depends on the PumpMode and whether we have pending events, but also the next expiring timer.
    MonotonicTime now = MonotonicTime::now_coarse();
    struct timeval timeout = { 0, 0 };
    bool should_wait_forever = false;
    if (mode == EventLoopImplementation::PumpMode::WaitForEvents && !has_pending_events) {
        auto next_timer_expiration = get_next_timer_expiration();
        if (next_timer_expiration.has_value()) {
            now = MonotonicTime::now();
            auto computed_timeout = next_timer_expiration.value() - now;
            if (computed_timeout.is_negative())
                computed_timeout = Duration::zero();
            timeout = computed_timeout.to_timeval();
        } else {
            should_wait_forever = true;
        }
    }

try_select_again:
    // select() and wait for file system events, calls to wake(), POSIX signals, or timer expirations.
    int marked_fd_count = select(max_fd + 1, &read_fds, &write_fds, nullptr, should_wait_forever ? nullptr : &timeout);
    // Because POSIX, we might spuriously return from select() with EINTR; just select again.
    if (marked_fd_count < 0) {
        int saved_errno = errno;
        if (saved_errno == EINTR)
            goto try_select_again;
        dbgln("EventLoopImplementationUnix::wait_for_events: {} ({}: {})", marked_fd_count, saved_errno, strerror(saved_errno));
        VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
    }

    // We woke up due to a call to wake() or a POSIX signal.
    // Handle signals and see whether we need to handle events as well.
    if (FD_ISSET(thread_data.wake_pipe_fds[0], &read_fds)) {
        int wake_events[8];
        ssize_t nread;
        // We might receive another signal while read()ing here. The signal will go to the handle_signal properly,
        // but we get interrupted. Therefore, just retry while we were interrupted.
        do {
            errno = 0;
            nread = read(thread_data.wake_pipe_fds[0], wake_events, sizeof(wake_events));
            if (nread == 0)
                break;
        } while (nread < 0 && errno == EINTR);
        if (nread < 0) {
            perror("EventLoopImplementationUnix::wait_for_events: read from wake pipe");
            VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
        }
        VERIFY(nread > 0);
        bool wake_requested = false;
        int event_count = nread / sizeof(wake_events[0]);
        for (int i = 0; i < event_count; i++) {
            if (wake_events[i] != 0)
                dispatch_signal(wake_events[i]);
            else
                wake_requested = true;
        }

        if (!wake_requested && nread == sizeof(wake_events))
            goto retry;
    }

    if (!thread_data.timers.is_empty()) {
        now = MonotonicTime::now_coarse();
    }

    // Handle expired timers.
    for (auto& it : thread_data.timers) {
        auto& timer = *it.value;
        if (!timer.has_expired(now))
            continue;
        auto owner = timer.owner.strong_ref();
        if (timer.fire_when_not_visible == TimerShouldFireWhenNotVisible::No
            && owner && !owner->is_visible_for_timer_purposes()) {
            continue;
        }

        if (owner)
            ThreadEventQueue::current().post_event(*owner, make<TimerEvent>(timer.timer_id));
        if (timer.should_reload) {
            timer.reload(now);
        } else {
            // FIXME: Support removing expired timers that don't want to reload.
            VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
        }
    }

    if (!marked_fd_count)
        return;

    // Handle file system notifiers by making them normal events.
    for (auto& notifier : thread_data.notifiers) {
        if (notifier->type() == Notifier::Type::Read && FD_ISSET(notifier->fd(), &read_fds)) {
            ThreadEventQueue::current().post_event(*notifier, make<NotifierActivationEvent>(notifier->fd()));
        }
        if (notifier->type() == Notifier::Type::Write && FD_ISSET(notifier->fd(), &write_fds)) {
            ThreadEventQueue::current().post_event(*notifier, make<NotifierActivationEvent>(notifier->fd()));
        }
    }
}

class SignalHandlers : public RefCounted<SignalHandlers> {
    AK_MAKE_NONCOPYABLE(SignalHandlers);
    AK_MAKE_NONMOVABLE(SignalHandlers);

public:
    SignalHandlers(int signal_number, void (*handle_signal)(int));
    ~SignalHandlers();

    void dispatch();
    int add(Function<void(int)>&& handler);
    bool remove(int handler_id);

    bool is_empty() const
    {
        if (m_calling_handlers) {
            for (auto& handler : m_handlers_pending) {
                if (handler.value)
                    return false; // an add is pending
            }
        }
        return m_handlers.is_empty();
    }

    bool have(int handler_id) const
    {
        if (m_calling_handlers) {
            auto it = m_handlers_pending.find(handler_id);
            if (it != m_handlers_pending.end()) {
                if (!it->value)
                    return false; // a deletion is pending
            }
        }
        return m_handlers.contains(handler_id);
    }

    int m_signal_number;
    void (*m_original_handler)(int); // TODO: can't use sighandler_t?
    HashMap<int, Function<void(int)>> m_handlers;
    HashMap<int, Function<void(int)>> m_handlers_pending;
    bool m_calling_handlers { false };
};

struct SignalHandlersInfo {
    HashMap<int, NonnullRefPtr<SignalHandlers>> signal_handlers;
    int next_signal_id { 0 };
};

static Singleton<SignalHandlersInfo> s_signals;
template<bool create_if_null = true>
inline SignalHandlersInfo* signals_info()
{
    return s_signals.ptr();
}

void EventLoopManagerUnix::dispatch_signal(int signal_number)
{
    auto& info = *signals_info();
    auto handlers = info.signal_handlers.find(signal_number);
    if (handlers != info.signal_handlers.end()) {
        // Make sure we bump the ref count while dispatching the handlers!
        // This allows a handler to unregister/register while the handlers
        // are being called!
        auto handler = handlers->value;
        handler->dispatch();
    }
}

void EventLoopImplementationUnix::notify_forked_and_in_child()
{
    auto& thread_data = ThreadData::the();
    thread_data.timers.clear();
    thread_data.notifiers.clear();
    thread_data.initialize_wake_pipe();
    if (auto* info = signals_info<false>()) {
        info->signal_handlers.clear();
        info->next_signal_id = 0;
    }
    thread_data.pid = getpid();
}

Optional<MonotonicTime> EventLoopManagerUnix::get_next_timer_expiration()
{
    auto now = MonotonicTime::now_coarse();
    Optional<MonotonicTime> soonest {};
    for (auto& it : ThreadData::the().timers) {
        auto& fire_time = it.value->fire_time;
        auto owner = it.value->owner.strong_ref();
        if (it.value->fire_when_not_visible == TimerShouldFireWhenNotVisible::No
            && owner && !owner->is_visible_for_timer_purposes()) {
            continue;
        }
        // OPTIMIZATION: If we have a timer that needs to fire right away, we can stop looking here.
        // FIXME: This whole operation could be O(1) with a better data structure.
        if (fire_time < now)
            return now;
        if (!soonest.has_value() || fire_time < soonest.value())
            soonest = fire_time;
    }
    return soonest;
}

SignalHandlers::SignalHandlers(int signal_number, void (*handle_signal)(int))
    : m_signal_number(signal_number)
    , m_original_handler(signal(signal_number, handle_signal))
{
}

SignalHandlers::~SignalHandlers()
{
    signal(m_signal_number, m_original_handler);
}

void SignalHandlers::dispatch()
{
    TemporaryChange change(m_calling_handlers, true);
    for (auto& handler : m_handlers)
        handler.value(m_signal_number);
    if (!m_handlers_pending.is_empty()) {
        // Apply pending adds/removes
        for (auto& handler : m_handlers_pending) {
            if (handler.value) {
                auto result = m_handlers.set(handler.key, move(handler.value));
                VERIFY(result == AK::HashSetResult::InsertedNewEntry);
            } else {
                m_handlers.remove(handler.key);
            }
        }
        m_handlers_pending.clear();
    }
}

int SignalHandlers::add(Function<void(int)>&& handler)
{
    int id = ++signals_info()->next_signal_id; // TODO: worry about wrapping and duplicates?
    if (m_calling_handlers)
        m_handlers_pending.set(id, move(handler));
    else
        m_handlers.set(id, move(handler));
    return id;
}

bool SignalHandlers::remove(int handler_id)
{
    VERIFY(handler_id != 0);
    if (m_calling_handlers) {
        auto it = m_handlers.find(handler_id);
        if (it != m_handlers.end()) {
            // Mark pending remove
            m_handlers_pending.set(handler_id, {});
            return true;
        }
        it = m_handlers_pending.find(handler_id);
        if (it != m_handlers_pending.end()) {
            if (!it->value)
                return false; // already was marked as deleted
            it->value = nullptr;
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
    return m_handlers.remove(handler_id);
}

void EventLoopManagerUnix::handle_signal(int signal_number)
{
    VERIFY(signal_number != 0);
    auto& thread_data = ThreadData::the();
    // We MUST check if the current pid still matches, because there
    // is a window between fork() and exec() where a signal delivered
    // to our fork could be inadvertently routed to the parent process!
    if (getpid() == thread_data.pid) {
        int nwritten = write(thread_data.wake_pipe_fds[1], &signal_number, sizeof(signal_number));
        if (nwritten < 0) {
            perror("EventLoopImplementationUnix::register_signal: write");
            VERIFY_NOT_REACHED();
        }
    } else {
        // We're a fork who received a signal, reset thread_data.pid.
        thread_data.pid = getpid();
    }
}

int EventLoopManagerUnix::register_signal(int signal_number, Function<void(int)> handler)
{
    VERIFY(signal_number != 0);
    auto& info = *signals_info();
    auto handlers = info.signal_handlers.find(signal_number);
    if (handlers == info.signal_handlers.end()) {
        auto signal_handlers = adopt_ref(*new SignalHandlers(signal_number, EventLoopManagerUnix::handle_signal));
        auto handler_id = signal_handlers->add(move(handler));
        info.signal_handlers.set(signal_number, move(signal_handlers));
        return handler_id;
    } else {
        return handlers->value->add(move(handler));
    }
}

void EventLoopManagerUnix::unregister_signal(int handler_id)
{
    VERIFY(handler_id != 0);
    int remove_signal_number = 0;
    auto& info = *signals_info();
    for (auto& h : info.signal_handlers) {
        auto& handlers = *h.value;
        if (handlers.remove(handler_id)) {
            if (handlers.is_empty())
                remove_signal_number = handlers.m_signal_number;
            break;
        }
    }
    if (remove_signal_number != 0)
        info.signal_handlers.remove(remove_signal_number);
}

int EventLoopManagerUnix::register_timer(Object& object, int milliseconds, bool should_reload, TimerShouldFireWhenNotVisible fire_when_not_visible)
{
    VERIFY(milliseconds >= 0);
    auto& thread_data = ThreadData::the();
    auto timer = make<EventLoopTimer>();
    timer->owner = object;
    timer->interval = Duration::from_milliseconds(milliseconds);
    timer->reload(MonotonicTime::now_coarse());
    timer->should_reload = should_reload;
    timer->fire_when_not_visible = fire_when_not_visible;
    int timer_id = thread_data.id_allocator.allocate();
    timer->timer_id = timer_id;
    thread_data.timers.set(timer_id, move(timer));
    return timer_id;
}

bool EventLoopManagerUnix::unregister_timer(int timer_id)
{
    auto& thread_data = ThreadData::the();
    thread_data.id_allocator.deallocate(timer_id);
    return thread_data.timers.remove(timer_id);
}

void EventLoopManagerUnix::register_notifier(Notifier& notifier)
{
    ThreadData::the().notifiers.set(&notifier);
}

void EventLoopManagerUnix::unregister_notifier(Notifier& notifier)
{
    ThreadData::the().notifiers.remove(&notifier);
}

void EventLoopManagerUnix::did_post_event()
{
}

EventLoopManagerUnix::~EventLoopManagerUnix() = default;

NonnullOwnPtr<EventLoopImplementation> EventLoopManagerUnix::make_implementation()
{
    return adopt_own(*new EventLoopImplementationUnix);
}

}