serenity/Kernel/Devices/FloppyDiskDevice.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2019-2020, Jesse Buhagiar <jooster669@gmail.com>
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
 *    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
 *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
 *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
 * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
 * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
 * SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
 * CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
 * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <AK/Memory.h>
#include <Kernel/Devices/FloppyDiskDevice.h>
#include <Kernel/VM/MemoryManager.h>
#include <LibBareMetal/IO.h>

namespace Kernel {

// Uncomment me for a LOT of output
//#define FLOPPY_DEBUG

// THESE ARE OFFSETS!
#define FLOPPY_STATUS_A 0x00 // ro
#define FLOPPY_STATUS_B 0x01 // ro
#define FLOPPY_DOR 0x02      // rw
#define FLOPPY_TDR 0x03      // rw
#define FLOPPY_MSR 0x04      // ro
#define FLOPPY_DSR 0x04      // wo
#define FLOPPY_FIFO 0x05
#define FLOPPY_RSVD 0x06
#define FLOPPY_DIR 0x07 // ro
#define FLOPPY_CCR 0x07 // wo

#define FLOPPY_STATUS_DIR 0x01
#define FLOPPY_STATUS_WP 0x02
#define FLOPPY_STATUS_INDX 0x04
#define FLOPPY_STATUS_HDSEL 0x08
#define FLOPPY_STATUS_TRK0 0x10
#define FLOPPY_STATUS_STEP 0x20
#define FLOPPY_STATUS_DRV2 0x40
#define FLOPPY_STATUS_INTW 0x80 // A.K.A INT_PENDING

#define FLOPPY_DOR_DRVSEL0 0x01
#define FLOPPY_DOR_DRVSEL1 0x02
#define FLOPPY_DOR_RESET 0x04
#define FLOPPY_DOR_DMAGATE 0x08
#define FLOPPY_DOR_MOTEN0 0x10
#define FLOPPY_DOR_MOTEN1 0x20
#define FLOPPY_DOR_MOTEN2 0x40
#define FLOPPY_DOR_MOTEN3 0x80
// Preset values to activate drive select and motor enable for each drive
#define FLOPPY_DOR_DRV0 0x1C
#define FLOPPY_DOR_DRV1 0x2D
#define FLOPPY_DOR_DRV2 0x4E
#define FLOPPY_DOR_DRV3 0x8F

#define FLOPPY_MSR_FDD0BSY 0x01
#define FLOPPY_MSR_FDD1BSY 0x02
#define FLOPPY_MSR_FDD2BSY 0x04
#define FLOPPY_MSR_FDD3BSY 0x08
#define FLOPPY_MSR_FDCBSY 0x10
#define FLOPPY_MSR_MODE 0x20 // 0 in DMA mode, 1 in PIO mode
#define FLOPPY_MSR_DIO 0x40  // 0 FDC is expecting data from the CPU, 1 if FDC has data for CPU
#define FLOPPY_MSR_RQM 0x80  // 0 Data register not ready, 1 data register ready

#define FLOPPY_CCR_DRTESEL0 0x01
#define FLOPPY_CCR_DRTESEL1 0x02

#define FLOPPY_MT 0x80  // Multi-track selector. The controller treats 2 tracks (on side 0 and side 1) as a single track instead
#define FLOPPY_MFM 0x40 // 1 Means this disk is double density (double sided??)
#define FLOPPY_SK 0x20  // Skip flag. Skips sectors containing deleted data automatically for us :)

#define SR0_OKAY (0x00) << 6
#define SR0_ABORMAL_TERMINATION (0x01) << 6
#define SR0_INVALID_CMD (0x02) << 6
#define SR0_ABNORMAL_TERM_POLL (0x03) << 6

#define FLOPPY_DMA_CHANNEL 2 // All FDCs are DMA channel 2
#define IRQ_FLOPPY_DRIVE 6

NonnullRefPtr<FloppyDiskDevice> FloppyDiskDevice::create(DriveType type)
{
    return adopt(*new FloppyDiskDevice(type));
}

const char* FloppyDiskDevice::class_name() const
{
    if (m_controller_version == 0x90)
        return "Intel 82078 Floppy Disk Controller";
    else if (m_controller_version == 0x80)
        return "NEC uPD765";

    return "Generic Floppy Disk Controller";
}

FloppyDiskDevice::FloppyDiskDevice(FloppyDiskDevice::DriveType type)
    : IRQHandler(IRQ_FLOPPY_DRIVE)
    , BlockDevice(89, (type == FloppyDiskDevice::DriveType::Master) ? 0 : 1, BYTES_PER_SECTOR)
    , m_io_base_addr((type == FloppyDiskDevice::DriveType::Master) ? 0x3F0 : 0x370)
{
    initialize();
}

FloppyDiskDevice::~FloppyDiskDevice()
{
}

bool FloppyDiskDevice::read_blocks(unsigned index, u16 count, u8* data)
{
    return read_sectors_with_dma(index, count, data);
}

bool FloppyDiskDevice::write_blocks(unsigned index, u16 count, const u8* data)
{
    return write_sectors_with_dma(index, count, data);
    ;
}

bool FloppyDiskDevice::read_sectors_with_dma(u16 lba, u16 count, u8* outbuf)
{
    LOCKER(m_lock); // Acquire lock
#ifdef FLOPPY_DEBUG
    klog() << "fdc: read_sectors_with_dma lba = " << lba << " count = " << count;
#endif

    motor_enable(is_slave()); // Should I bother casting this?!
    write_ccr(0);
    recalibrate();

    if (!seek(lba)) {
        klog() << "fdc: failed to seek to lba = " << lba << "!";
        return false;
    }

    // We have to wait for about 300ms for the drive to spin up, because of
    // the inertia of the motor and diskette. This is only
    // important on real hardware
    // TODO: Fix this if you want to get it running on real hardware. This code doesn't allow
    // time for the disk to spin up.

    //u32 start = PIT::seconds_since_boot();
    //while(start < PIT::seconds_since_boot() + 1)
    //    ;

    disable_irq();

    IO::out8(0xA, FLOPPY_DMA_CHANNEL | 0x4); // Channel 2 SEL, MASK_ON = 1
    IO::out8(0x0B, 0x56);                    // Begin DMA, Single Transfer, Increment, Auto, FDC -> RAM, Channel 2
    IO::out8(0xA, 0x2);                      // Unmask channel 2. The transfer will now begin

    // Translate the LBA address into something the FDC understands.
    u16 cylinder = lba2cylinder(lba);
    u16 head = lba2head(lba);
    u16 sector = lba2sector(lba);

#ifdef FLOPPY_DEBUG
    klog() << "fdc: addr = 0x" << String::format("%x", lba * BYTES_PER_SECTOR) << " c = " << cylinder << " h = " << head << " s = " << sector;
#endif

    // Intel recommends 3 attempts for a read/write
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        // Now actually send the command to the drive. This is a big one!
        send_byte(FLOPPY_MFM | FLOPPY_MT | FLOPPY_SK | static_cast<u8>(FloppyCommand::ReadData));
        send_byte((head << 2) | is_slave());
        send_byte(cylinder);
        send_byte(head);
        send_byte(sector);
        send_byte(SECTORS_PER_CYLINDER >> 8); // Yikes!
        send_byte(((sector + 1) >= SECTORS_PER_CYLINDER) ? SECTORS_PER_CYLINDER : sector + 1);
        send_byte(0x1b); // GPL3 value. The Datasheet doesn't really specify the values for this properly...
        send_byte(0xff);

        enable_irq();

        wait_for_irq(); // TODO: See if there was a lockup here via some "timeout counter"
        m_interrupted = false;

        // Flush FIFO
        // Let's check the value of Status Register 1 to ensure that
        // the command executed correctly
        u8 cmd_st0 = read_byte();
        if ((cmd_st0 & 0xc0) != 0) {
            klog() << "fdc: read failed with error code (st0) 0x" << String::format("%x", cmd_st0 >> 6);
            return false;
        }

        u8 cmd_st1 = read_byte();
        if (cmd_st1 != 0) {
            klog() << "fdc: read failed with error code (st1) 0x" << String::format("%x", cmd_st1);
            return false;
        }

        read_byte();
        u8 cyl = read_byte();
        read_byte();
        read_byte();
        read_byte();

        if (cyl != cylinder) {
#ifdef FLOPPY_DEBUG
            klog() << "fdc: cyl != cylinder (cyl = " << cyl << " cylinder = " << cylinder << ")! Retrying...";
#endif
            continue;
        }

        // Let the controller know we handled the interrupt
        send_byte(FloppyCommand::SenseInterrupt);
        u8 st0 = read_byte();
        u8 pcn = read_byte();
        static_cast<void>(st0);
        static_cast<void>(pcn);

        memcpy(outbuf, m_dma_buffer_page->paddr().as_ptr(), 512 * count);

        return true;
    }

#ifdef FLOPPY_DEBUG
    klog() << "fdc: out of read attempts (check your hardware maybe!?)";
#endif
    return false;
}

bool FloppyDiskDevice::write_sectors_with_dma(u16 lba, u16 count, const u8* inbuf)
{
    LOCKER(m_lock); // Acquire lock
#ifdef FLOPPY_DEBUG
    klog() << "fdc: write_sectors_with_dma lba = " << lba << " count = " << count;
#endif

    motor_enable(is_slave() ? 1 : 0); // Should I bother casting this?!
    write_ccr(0);
    recalibrate(); // Recalibrate the drive

    if (!seek(lba)) {
        klog() << "fdc: failed to seek to lba = " << lba << "!";
        return false;
    }

    // We have to wait for about 300ms for the drive to spin up, because of
    // the inertia of the motor and diskette.
    // TODO: Fix this abomination please!
    //u32 start = PIT::seconds_since_boot();
    //while(start < PIT::seconds_since_boot() + 1)
    //    ;

    disable_irq();

    IO::out8(0xA, FLOPPY_DMA_CHANNEL | 0x4); // Channel 2 SEL, MASK_ON = 1
    IO::out8(0x0B, 0x5A);                    // Begin DMA, Single Transfer, Increment, Auto, RAM -> FDC, Channel 2
    IO::out8(0xA, 0x2);                      // Unmask channel 2. The transfer will now begin

    u16 cylinder = lba2cylinder(lba);
    u16 head = lba2head(lba);
    u16 sector = lba2sector(lba);

#ifdef FLOPPY_DEBUG
    klog() << "fdc: addr = 0x" << String::format("%x", lba * BYTES_PER_SECTOR) << " c = " << cylinder << " h = " << head << " s = " << sector;
#endif

    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        // Now actually send the command to the drive. This is a big one!
        send_byte(FLOPPY_MFM | FLOPPY_MT | static_cast<u8>(FloppyCommand::WriteData));
        send_byte(head << 2 | is_slave());
        send_byte(cylinder);
        send_byte(head);
        send_byte(sector);
        send_byte(SECTORS_PER_CYLINDER >> 8); // Yikes!
        send_byte((sector + 1) >= SECTORS_PER_CYLINDER ? SECTORS_PER_CYLINDER : sector + 1);
        send_byte(0x1b); // GPL3 value. The Datasheet doesn't really specify the values for this properly...
        send_byte(0xff);

        enable_irq();

        wait_for_irq(); // TODO: See if there was a lockup here via some "timeout counter"
        m_interrupted = false;

        // Flush FIFO
        u8 cmd_st0 = read_byte();
        if ((cmd_st0 & 0xc0) != 0) {
            klog() << "fdc: write failed! Error code 0x" << String::format("%x", cmd_st0 >> 6);
            return false;
        }

        u8 cmd_st1 = read_byte();
        if (cmd_st1 != 0) {
            klog() << "fdc: write failed with error code (st1) 0x" << String::format("%x", cmd_st1);
            return false;
        }

        read_byte();
        u8 cyl = read_byte();
        read_byte();
        read_byte();
        read_byte();

        if (cyl != cylinder) {
#ifdef FLOPPY_DEBUG
            klog() << "fdc: cyl != cylinder (cyl = " << cyl << " cylinder = " << cylinder << ")! Retrying...";
#endif
            continue;
        }

        // Let the controller know we handled the interrupt
        send_byte(FloppyCommand::SenseInterrupt);
        u8 st0 = read_byte();
        u8 pcn = read_byte();
        static_cast<void>(st0);
        static_cast<void>(pcn);

        memcpy(m_dma_buffer_page->paddr().as_ptr(), inbuf, 512 * count);

        return true;
    }

#ifdef FLOPPY_DEBUG
    klog() << "fdc: out of read attempts (check your hardware maybe!?)";
#endif
    return false;
}

bool FloppyDiskDevice::wait_for_irq()
{
#ifdef FLOPPY_DEBUG
    klog() << "fdc: Waiting for interrupt...";
#endif

    while (!m_interrupted) {
        Scheduler::yield();
    }

    memory_barrier();
    return true;
}

void FloppyDiskDevice::handle_irq(RegisterState&)
{
    // The only thing we need to do is acknowledge the IRQ happened
    m_interrupted = true;

#ifdef FLOPPY_DEBUG
    klog() << "fdc: Received IRQ!";
#endif
}

void FloppyDiskDevice::send_byte(u8 value) const
{
    for (int i = 0; i < 1024; i++) {
        if (read_msr() & FLOPPY_MSR_RQM) {
            IO::out8(m_io_base_addr + FLOPPY_FIFO, value);
            return;
        }
    }

#ifdef FLOPPY_DEBUG
    klog() << "fdc: FIFO write timed out!";
#endif
}

void FloppyDiskDevice::send_byte(FloppyCommand value) const
{
    for (int i = 0; i < 1024; i++) {
        if (read_msr() & FLOPPY_MSR_RQM) {
            IO::out8(m_io_base_addr + FLOPPY_FIFO, static_cast<u8>(value));
            return;
        }
    }

#ifdef FLOPPY_DEBUG
    klog() << "fdc: FIFO write timed out!";
#endif
}

u8 FloppyDiskDevice::read_byte() const
{
    for (int i = 0; i < 1024; i++) {
        if (read_msr() & (FLOPPY_MSR_RQM | FLOPPY_MSR_DIO)) {
            return IO::in8(m_io_base_addr + FLOPPY_FIFO);
        }
    }

#ifdef FLOPPY_DEBUG
    klog() << "fdc: FIFO read timed out!";
#endif

    return 0xff;
}

void FloppyDiskDevice::write_dor(u8 value) const
{
    IO::out8(m_io_base_addr + FLOPPY_DOR, value);
}

void FloppyDiskDevice::write_ccr(u8 value) const
{
    IO::out8(m_io_base_addr + FLOPPY_CCR, value);
}

u8 FloppyDiskDevice::read_msr() const
{
    return IO::in8(m_io_base_addr + FLOPPY_MSR);
}

void FloppyDiskDevice::motor_enable(bool slave) const
{
    u8 val = slave ? 0x2D : 0x1C;
    write_dor(val);
}

bool FloppyDiskDevice::is_busy() const
{
    return read_msr() & FLOPPY_MSR;
}

bool FloppyDiskDevice::recalibrate()
{
#ifdef FLOPPY_DEBUG
    klog() << "fdc: recalibrating drive...";
#endif

    u8 slave = is_slave();
    motor_enable(slave);

    for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
        send_byte(FloppyCommand::Recalibrate);
        send_byte(slave);
        wait_for_irq();
        m_interrupted = false;

        send_byte(FloppyCommand::SenseInterrupt);
        u8 st0 = read_byte();
        u8 pcn = read_byte();
        static_cast<void>(st0);

        if (pcn == 0)
            return true;
    }

#ifdef FLOPPY_DEBUG
    klog() << "fdc: failed to calibrate drive (check your hardware!)";
#endif
    return false;
}

bool FloppyDiskDevice::seek(u16 lba)
{
    u8 head = lba2head(lba) & 0x01;
    u8 cylinder = lba2cylinder(lba) & 0xff;
    u8 slave = is_slave();

    // First, we need to enable the correct drive motor
    motor_enable(slave);
#ifdef FLOPPY_DEBUG
    klog() << "fdc: seeking to cylinder " << cylinder << " on side " << head << " on drive " << slave;
#endif

    // Try at most 5 times to seek to the desired cylinder
    for (int attempt = 0; attempt < 5; attempt++) {
        send_byte(FloppyCommand::Seek);
        send_byte((head << 2) | slave);
        send_byte(cylinder);
        wait_for_irq();
        m_interrupted = false;

        send_byte(FloppyCommand::SenseInterrupt);
        u8 st0 = read_byte();
        u8 pcn = read_byte();

        if ((st0 >> 5) != 1 || pcn != cylinder || (st0 & 0x01)) {
#ifdef FLOPPY_DEBUG
            klog() << "fdc: failed to seek to cylinder " << cylinder << " on attempt " << attempt << "!";
#endif
            continue;
        }

        return true;
    }

    klog() << "fdc: failed to seek after 3 attempts! Aborting...";
    return false;
}

// This is following Intel's datasheet for the 82077, page 41
void FloppyDiskDevice::initialize()
{
#ifdef FLOPPY_DEBUG
    klog() << "fdc: m_io_base = 0x" << String::format("%x", m_io_base_addr) << " IRQn = " << IRQ_FLOPPY_DRIVE;
#endif

    enable_irq();

    // Get the version of the Floppy Disk Controller
    send_byte(FloppyCommand::Version);
    m_controller_version = read_byte();
    klog() << "fdc: Version = 0x" << String::format("%x", m_controller_version);

    // Reset
    write_dor(0);
    write_dor(FLOPPY_DOR_RESET | FLOPPY_DOR_DMAGATE);

    write_ccr(0);
    wait_for_irq();
    m_interrupted = false;

    // "If (and only if) drive polling mode is turned on, send 4 Sense Interrupt commands (required). "
    // Sorry OSDev, but the Intel Manual states otherwise. This ALWAYS needs to be performed.
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
        send_byte(FloppyCommand::SenseInterrupt);
        u8 sr0 = read_byte();
        u8 trk = read_byte();

        klog() << "sr0 = 0x" << String::format("%x", sr0) << ", cyl = 0x" << String::format("%x", trk);
    }

    // This is hardcoded for a 3.5" floppy disk drive
    send_byte(FloppyCommand::Specify);
    send_byte(0x08); // (SRT << 4) | HUT
    send_byte(0x0A); // (HLT << 1) | NDMA

    // Allocate a buffer page for us to read into. This only needs to be one sector in size.
    m_dma_buffer_page = MM.allocate_supervisor_physical_page();
#ifdef FLOPPY_DEBUG
    klog() << "fdc: allocated supervisor page at paddr 0x", String::format("%x", m_dma_buffer_page->paddr());
#endif

    // Now, let's initialise channel 2 of the DMA controller!
    // This only needs to be done here, then we can just change the direction of
    // the transfer
    IO::out8(0xA, FLOPPY_DMA_CHANNEL | 0x4); // Channel 2 SEL, MASK_ON = 1

    IO::out8(0xC, 0xFF); // Reset Master Flip Flop

    // Set the buffer page address (the lower 16-bits)
    IO::out8(0x4, m_dma_buffer_page->paddr().get() & 0xff);
    IO::out8(0x4, (m_dma_buffer_page->paddr().get() >> 8) & 0xff);

    IO::out8(0xC, 0xFF); // Reset Master Flip Flop again

    IO::out8(0x05, (SECTORS_PER_CYLINDER * BYTES_PER_SECTOR) & 0xff);
    IO::out8(0x05, (SECTORS_PER_CYLINDER * BYTES_PER_SECTOR) >> 8);
    IO::out8(0x81, (m_dma_buffer_page->paddr().get() >> 16) & 0xff); // Supervisor page could be a 24-bit address, so set the External Page R/W register

    IO::out8(0xA, 0x2); // Unmask Channel 2

#ifdef FLOPPY_DEBUG
    klog() << "fdc: fd" << (is_slave() ? 1 : 0) << " initialised succesfully!";
#endif
}

}