diff --git a/.github/workflows/CICD.yml b/.github/workflows/CICD.yml
index 849fb3c67..fb2300ba9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/CICD.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/CICD.yml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ name: CICD
 # spell-checker:ignore (abbrev/names) CICD CodeCOV MacOS MinGW MSVC musl taiki
 # spell-checker:ignore (env/flags) Awarnings Ccodegen Coverflow Cpanic Dwarnings RUSTDOCFLAGS RUSTFLAGS Zpanic CARGOFLAGS
 # spell-checker:ignore (jargon) SHAs deps dequote softprops subshell toolchain fuzzers
-# spell-checker:ignore (people) Peltoche rivy
+# spell-checker:ignore (people) Peltoche rivy dtolnay
 # spell-checker:ignore (shell/tools) choco clippy dmake dpkg esac fakeroot fdesc fdescfs gmake grcov halium lcov libssl mkdir popd printf pushd rsync rustc rustfmt rustup shopt utmpdump xargs
 # spell-checker:ignore (misc) aarch alnum armhf bindir busytest coreutils defconfig DESTDIR gecos gnueabihf issuecomment maint multisize nullglob onexitbegin onexitend pell runtest Swatinem tempfile testsuite toybox uutils
 
@@ -48,10 +48,10 @@ jobs:
           - { os: windows-latest , features: feat_os_windows }
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - name: Install `rust` toolchain
-      run: |
-        rustup toolchain install nightly --no-self-update --profile minimal
-        rustup default nightly
+    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@nightly
+    ## note: requires 'nightly' toolchain b/c `cargo-udeps` uses the `rustc` '-Z save-analysis' option
+    ## * ... ref: <https://github.com/est31/cargo-udeps/issues/73>
+    - uses: taiki-e/install-action@cargo-udeps
     - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
     - name: Initialize workflow variables
       id: vars
@@ -70,12 +70,6 @@ jobs:
         CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION='' ;
         if [ -n "${{ matrix.job.features }}" ]; then CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION='--features "${{ matrix.job.features }}"' ; fi
         outputs CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION
-    ## note: requires 'nightly' toolchain b/c `cargo-udeps` uses the `rustc` '-Z save-analysis' option
-    ## * ... ref: <https://github.com/est31/cargo-udeps/issues/73>
-    - name: Install `cargo-udeps`
-      run: cargo install cargo-udeps
-      env:
-        RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN: stable
     - name: Detect unused dependencies
       shell: bash
       run: |
@@ -98,11 +92,10 @@ jobs:
           - { os: ubuntu-latest , features: feat_os_unix }
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - name: Install `rust` toolchain
-      run: |
-        ## Install `rust` toolchain
-        rustup toolchain install stable --no-self-update -c rustfmt --profile minimal
-        rustup default stable
+    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
+      with:
+        toolchain: stable
+        components: rustfmt
     - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
     - name: Initialize workflow variables
       id: vars
@@ -139,10 +132,7 @@ jobs:
       RUN_FOR: 60
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - name: Install `rust` toolchain
-      run: |
-        rustup toolchain install nightly --no-self-update --profile minimal
-        rustup default nightly
+    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@nightly
     - name: Install `cargo-fuzz`
       run: cargo install cargo-fuzz
     - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
@@ -186,11 +176,10 @@ jobs:
           - { os: windows-latest , features: feat_os_windows }
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - name: Install `rust` toolchain
-      run: |
-        ## Install `rust` toolchain
-        rustup toolchain install stable --no-self-update -c clippy --profile minimal
-        rustup default stable
+    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
+      with:
+        toolchain: stable
+        components: clippy
     - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
     - name: Run sccache-cache
       uses: mozilla-actions/sccache-action@v0.0.3
@@ -297,11 +286,10 @@ jobs:
 #          - { os: windows-latest , features: feat_os_windows }
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - name: Install `rust` toolchain
-      run: |
-        ## Install `rust` toolchain
-        rustup toolchain install stable --no-self-update -c clippy --profile minimal
-        rustup default stable
+    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
+      with:
+        toolchain: stable
+        components: clippy
     - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
     - name: Run sccache-cache
       uses: mozilla-actions/sccache-action@v0.0.3
@@ -351,13 +339,12 @@ jobs:
           - { os: ubuntu-latest , features: feat_os_unix }
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - name: Install `rust` toolchain (v${{ env.RUST_MIN_SRV }})
-      run: |
-        ## Install `rust` toolchain (v${{ env.RUST_MIN_SRV }})
-        rustup toolchain install --no-self-update ${{ env.RUST_MIN_SRV }} --profile minimal
-        rustup default ${{ env.RUST_MIN_SRV }}
-    - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
+      with:
+        toolchain: ${{ env.RUST_MIN_SRV }}
+        components: rustfmt
     - uses: taiki-e/install-action@nextest
+    - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
     - name: Run sccache-cache
       uses: mozilla-actions/sccache-action@v0.0.3
     - name: Initialize workflow variables
@@ -409,7 +396,6 @@ jobs:
       env:
         RUSTFLAGS: "-Awarnings"
         RUST_BACKTRACE: "1"
-        CARGO_TERM_COLOR: always
 
   deps:
     name: Dependencies
@@ -421,11 +407,7 @@ jobs:
           - { os: ubuntu-latest , features: feat_os_unix }
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - name: Install `rust` toolchain
-      run: |
-        ## Install `rust` toolchain
-        rustup toolchain install stable --no-self-update --profile minimal
-        rustup default stable
+    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
     - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
     - name: "`cargo update` testing"
       shell: bash
@@ -448,11 +430,7 @@ jobs:
           - { os: ubuntu-latest , features: feat_os_unix }
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - name: Install `rust` toolchain
-      run: |
-        ## Install `rust` toolchain
-        rustup toolchain install stable --no-self-update --profile minimal
-        rustup default stable
+    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
     - uses: taiki-e/install-action@nextest
     - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
     - name: Run sccache-cache
@@ -466,7 +444,6 @@ jobs:
       run: make nextest CARGOFLAGS="--profile ci --hide-progress-bar"
       env:
         RUST_BACKTRACE: "1"
-        CARGO_TERM_COLOR: "always"
     - name: "`make install`"
       shell: bash
       run: |
@@ -495,11 +472,7 @@ jobs:
           - { os: windows-latest , features: feat_os_windows }
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - name: Install `rust` toolchain
-      run: |
-        ## Install `rust` toolchain
-        rustup toolchain install stable --no-self-update --profile minimal
-        rustup default stable
+    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
     - uses: taiki-e/install-action@nextest
     - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
     - name: Run sccache-cache
@@ -508,7 +481,6 @@ jobs:
       run: cargo nextest run --hide-progress-bar --profile ci ${{ steps.vars.outputs.CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION }}
       env:
         RUST_BACKTRACE: "1"
-        CARGO_TERM_COLOR: "always"
 
   build_rust_nightly:
     name: Build/nightly
@@ -527,11 +499,7 @@ jobs:
           - { os: windows-latest , features: feat_os_windows }
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - name: Install `rust` toolchain
-      run: |
-        ## Install `rust` toolchain
-        rustup toolchain install nightly --no-self-update --profile minimal
-        rustup default nightly
+    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@nightly
     - uses: taiki-e/install-action@nextest
     - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
     - name: Run sccache-cache
@@ -540,7 +508,6 @@ jobs:
       run: cargo nextest run --hide-progress-bar --profile ci ${{ steps.vars.outputs.CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION }}
       env:
         RUST_BACKTRACE: "1"
-        CARGO_TERM_COLOR: "always"
 
   compute_size:
     name: Binary sizes
@@ -556,11 +523,7 @@ jobs:
           - { os: ubuntu-latest , features: feat_os_unix }
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - name: Install `rust` toolchain
-      run: |
-        ## Install `rust` toolchain
-        rustup toolchain install stable --no-self-update --profile minimal
-        rustup default stable
+    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@stable
     - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
     - name: Run sccache-cache
       uses: mozilla-actions/sccache-action@v0.0.3
@@ -680,11 +643,10 @@ jobs:
           - { os: windows-latest , target: x86_64-pc-windows-msvc      , features: feat_os_windows }
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - name: rust toolchain ~ install
-      run: |
-        ## rust toolchain ~ install
-        rustup toolchain install --no-self-update ${{ env.RUST_MIN_SRV }} -t ${{ matrix.job.target }} --profile minimal
-        rustup default ${{ env.RUST_MIN_SRV }}
+    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
+      with:
+        toolchain: ${{ env.RUST_MIN_SRV }}
+        targets: ${{ matrix.job.target }}
     - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
       with:
         key: "${{ matrix.job.os }}_${{ matrix.job.target }}"
@@ -765,8 +727,7 @@ jobs:
         outputs CARGO_CMD
         # ** pass needed environment into `cross` container (iff `cross` not already configured via "Cross.toml")
         if [ "${CARGO_CMD}" = 'cross' ] && [ ! -e "Cross.toml" ] ; then
-          cargo install --version 0.2.1 cross
-          printf "[build.env]\npassthrough = [\"CI\", \"RUST_BACKTRACE\"]\n" > Cross.toml
+          printf "[build.env]\npassthrough = [\"CI\", \"RUST_BACKTRACE\", \"CARGO_TERM_COLOR\"]\n" > Cross.toml
         fi
         # * test only library and/or binaries for arm-type targets
         unset CARGO_TEST_OPTIONS ; case '${{ matrix.job.target }}' in aarch64-* | arm-*) CARGO_TEST_OPTIONS="--bins" ;; esac;
@@ -779,6 +740,10 @@ jobs:
           *-pc-windows-msvc) STRIP="" ;;
         esac;
         outputs STRIP
+    - uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2
+      if: steps.vars.outputs.CARGO_CMD == 'cross'
+      with:
+        tool: cross@0.2.1
     - name: Create all needed build/work directories
       shell: bash
       run: |
@@ -1017,11 +982,10 @@ jobs:
         TEST_SUMMARY_FILE="toybox-result.json"
         outputs TEST_SUMMARY_FILE
     - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - name: rust toolchain ~ install
-      run: |
-        ## rust toolchain ~ install
-        rustup toolchain install --no-self-update ${{ env.RUST_MIN_SRV }} --profile minimal
-        rustup default ${{ env.RUST_MIN_SRV }}
+    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
+      with:
+        toolchain: ${{ env.RUST_MIN_SRV }}
+        components: rustfmt
     - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
     - name: Run sccache-cache
       uses: mozilla-actions/sccache-action@v0.0.3
@@ -1100,12 +1064,12 @@ jobs:
           - { os: windows-latest , features: windows, toolchain: nightly-x86_64-pc-windows-gnu }
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-    - name: rust toolchain ~ install
-      run: |
-        ## rust toolchain ~ install
-        rustup toolchain install ${{ matrix.job.toolchain }} --no-self-update --profile minimal
-        rustup default ${{ matrix.job.toolchain }}
+    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
+      with:
+        toolchain: ${{ matrix.job.toolchain }}
+        components: rustfmt
     - uses: taiki-e/install-action@nextest
+    - uses: taiki-e/install-action@grcov
     - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
     - name: Run sccache-cache
       uses: mozilla-actions/sccache-action@v0.0.3
@@ -1170,7 +1134,6 @@ jobs:
     - name: Test uucore
       run: cargo nextest run --profile ci --hide-progress-bar -p uucore
       env:
-        CARGO_INCREMENTAL: "0"
         RUSTC_WRAPPER: ""
         RUSTFLAGS: "-Zprofile -Ccodegen-units=1 -Copt-level=0 -Clink-dead-code -Coverflow-checks=off -Zpanic_abort_tests -Cpanic=abort"
         RUSTDOCFLAGS: "-Cpanic=abort"
@@ -1179,7 +1142,6 @@ jobs:
     - name: Test
       run: cargo nextest run --profile ci --hide-progress-bar ${{ steps.vars.outputs.CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION }}
       env:
-        CARGO_INCREMENTAL: "0"
         RUSTC_WRAPPER: ""
         RUSTFLAGS: "-Zprofile -Ccodegen-units=1 -Copt-level=0 -Clink-dead-code -Coverflow-checks=off -Zpanic_abort_tests -Cpanic=abort"
         RUSTDOCFLAGS: "-Cpanic=abort"
@@ -1188,15 +1150,11 @@ jobs:
     - name: Test individual utilities
       run: cargo nextest run --profile ci --hide-progress-bar ${{ steps.dep_vars.outputs.CARGO_UTILITY_LIST_OPTIONS }}
       env:
-        CARGO_INCREMENTAL: "0"
         RUSTC_WRAPPER: ""
         RUSTFLAGS: "-Zprofile -Ccodegen-units=1 -Copt-level=0 -Clink-dead-code -Coverflow-checks=off -Zpanic_abort_tests -Cpanic=abort"
         RUSTDOCFLAGS: "-Cpanic=abort"
         RUST_BACKTRACE: "1"
         # RUSTUP_TOOLCHAIN: ${{ steps.vars.outputs.TOOLCHAIN }}
-    - name: "`grcov` ~ install"
-      id: build_grcov
-      run: cargo install grcov
     - name: Generate coverage data (via `grcov`)
       id: coverage
       shell: bash
diff --git a/.github/workflows/FixPR.yml b/.github/workflows/FixPR.yml
index 52561fb36..e1729b173 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/FixPR.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/FixPR.yml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 name: FixPR
 
-# spell-checker:ignore Swatinem
+# spell-checker:ignore Swatinem dtolnay
 
 # Trigger automated fixes for PRs being merged (with associated commits)
 
@@ -36,11 +36,7 @@ jobs:
         # surface MSRV from CICD workflow
         RUST_MIN_SRV=$(grep -P "^\s+RUST_MIN_SRV:" .github/workflows/CICD.yml | grep -Po "(?<=\x22)\d+[.]\d+(?:[.]\d+)?(?=\x22)" )
         outputs RUST_MIN_SRV
-    - name: Install `rust` toolchain (v${{ steps.vars.outputs.RUST_MIN_SRV }})
-      run: |
-        ## Install `rust` toolchain (v${{ steps.vars.outputs.RUST_MIN_SRV }})
-        rustup toolchain install ${{ steps.vars.outputs.RUST_MIN_SRV }} --profile minimal
-        rustup default ${{ steps.vars.outputs.RUST_MIN_SRV }}
+    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@${{ steps.vars.outputs.RUST_MIN_SRV }}
     - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
     - name: Ensure updated 'Cargo.lock'
       shell: bash
@@ -101,12 +97,10 @@ jobs:
         CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION='' ;
         if [ -n "${{ matrix.job.features }}" ]; then CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION='--features "${{ matrix.job.features }}"' ; fi
         outputs CARGO_FEATURES_OPTION
-    - name: Install `rust` toolchain
-      run: |
-        ## Install `rust` toolchain
-        rm -f "${HOME}/.cargo/bin/"{rustfmt,cargo-fmt}
-        rustup toolchain install stable -c rustfmt --profile minimal
-        rustup default stable
+    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
+      with:
+        toolchain: stable
+        components: rustfmt
     - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
     - name: "`cargo fmt`"
       shell: bash
diff --git a/.github/workflows/GnuTests.yml b/.github/workflows/GnuTests.yml
index 894e29ea8..372bf0717 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/GnuTests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/GnuTests.yml
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ name: GnuTests
 
 # spell-checker:ignore (abbrev/names) CodeCov gnulib GnuTests Swatinem
 # spell-checker:ignore (jargon) submodules
-# spell-checker:ignore (libs/utils) autopoint chksum gperf lcov libexpect pyinotify shopt texinfo valgrind libattr libcap
+# spell-checker:ignore (libs/utils) autopoint chksum gperf lcov libexpect pyinotify shopt texinfo valgrind libattr libcap taiki-e
 # spell-checker:ignore (options) Ccodegen Coverflow Cpanic Zpanic
-# spell-checker:ignore (people) Dawid Dziurla * dawidd
+# spell-checker:ignore (people) Dawid Dziurla * dawidd dtolnay
 # spell-checker:ignore (vars) FILESET SUBDIRS XPASS
 
 # * note: to run a single test => `REPO/util/run-gnu-test.sh PATH/TO/TEST/SCRIPT`
@@ -58,13 +58,13 @@ jobs:
       uses: actions/checkout@v3
       with:
         path: '${{ steps.vars.outputs.path_UUTILS }}'
-    - name: Install `rust` toolchain
-      run: |
-        ## Install `rust` toolchain
-        rm -f "${HOME}/.cargo/bin/"{rustfmt,cargo-fmt}
-        rustup toolchain install stable -c rustfmt --profile minimal
-        rustup default stable
+    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
+      with:
+        toolchain: stable
+        components: rustfmt
     - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+      with:
+        workspaces: "./${{ steps.vars.outputs.path_UUTILS }} -> target"
     - name: Checkout code (GNU coreutils)
       uses: actions/checkout@v3
       with:
@@ -317,13 +317,14 @@ jobs:
         path: 'gnu'
         ref: 'v9.3'
         submodules: recursive
-    - name: Install `rust` toolchain
-      run: |
-        ## Install `rust` toolchain
-        rm -f "${HOME}/.cargo/bin/"{rustfmt,cargo-fmt}
-        rustup toolchain install nightly -c rustfmt --profile minimal
-        rustup default nightly
+    - uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@master
+      with:
+        toolchain: nightly
+        components: rustfmt
+    - uses: taiki-e/install-action@grcov
     - uses: Swatinem/rust-cache@v2
+      with:
+        workspaces: "./uutils -> target"
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: |
         ## Install dependencies
@@ -344,7 +345,6 @@ jobs:
         locale -a
     - name: Build binaries
       env:
-        CARGO_INCREMENTAL: "0"
         RUSTFLAGS: "-Zprofile -Ccodegen-units=1 -Copt-level=0 -Clink-dead-code -Coverflow-checks=off -Zpanic_abort_tests -Cpanic=abort"
         RUSTDOCFLAGS: "-Cpanic=abort"
       run: |
@@ -353,8 +353,6 @@ jobs:
         UU_MAKE_PROFILE=debug bash util/build-gnu.sh
     - name: Run GNU tests
       run: bash uutils/util/run-gnu-test.sh
-    - name: "`grcov` ~ install"
-      run: cargo install grcov
     - name: Generate coverage data (via `grcov`)
       id: coverage
       run: |
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 9827a7893..a9f9532b6 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -1156,9 +1156,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "humantime_to_duration"
-version = "0.1.3"
+version = "0.2.1"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "46276b15cd421d8262968eb5c3a075ae4a40bd787762ca0ddfead00fd5f6fbce"
+checksum = "714764645f21cc70c4c151d7798dd158409641f37ad820bed65224aae403cbed"
 dependencies = [
  "regex",
  "time",
@@ -1318,9 +1318,9 @@ checksum = "830d08ce1d1d941e6b30645f1a0eb5643013d835ce3779a5fc208261dbe10f55"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libc"
-version = "0.2.143"
+version = "0.2.144"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "edc207893e85c5d6be840e969b496b53d94cec8be2d501b214f50daa97fa8024"
+checksum = "2b00cc1c228a6782d0f076e7b232802e0c5689d41bb5df366f2a6b6621cfdfe1"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "libloading"
@@ -1404,9 +1404,9 @@ checksum = "2dffe52ecf27772e601905b7522cb4ef790d2cc203488bbd0e2fe85fcb74566d"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "memmap2"
-version = "0.5.8"
+version = "0.6.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "4b182332558b18d807c4ce1ca8ca983b34c3ee32765e47b3f0f69b90355cc1dc"
+checksum = "7f9ff02d2efdc645fca1ee55f45545b996e7da776b5b60c4e170334457551693"
 dependencies = [
  "libc",
 ]
@@ -2158,9 +2158,9 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "sm3"
-version = "0.4.1"
+version = "0.4.2"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "f943a7c5e3089f2bd046221d1e9f4fa59396bf0fe966360983649683086215da"
+checksum = "ebb9a3b702d0a7e33bc4d85a14456633d2b165c2ad839c5fd9a8417c1ab15860"
 dependencies = [
  "digest",
 ]
@@ -2552,6 +2552,7 @@ dependencies = [
  "clap",
  "gcd",
  "libc",
+ "nix",
  "signal-hook",
  "uucore",
 ]
@@ -3378,6 +3379,7 @@ name = "uu_yes"
 version = "0.0.18"
 dependencies = [
  "clap",
+ "itertools",
  "nix",
  "uucore",
 ]
@@ -3665,9 +3667,9 @@ checksum = "2a599daf1b507819c1121f0bf87fa37eb19daac6aff3aefefd4e6e2e0f2020fc"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "zip"
-version = "0.6.5"
+version = "0.6.6"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "7e92305c174683d78035cbf1b70e18db6329cc0f1b9cae0a52ca90bf5bfe7125"
+checksum = "760394e246e4c28189f19d488c058bf16f564016aefac5d32bb1f3b51d5e9261"
 dependencies = [
  "byteorder",
  "crc32fast",
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 0623f9e6a..8f62a87f6 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -286,11 +286,11 @@ fundu = "0.5.1"
 gcd = "2.3"
 glob = "0.3.1"
 half = "2.2"
-humantime_to_duration = "0.1.3"
+humantime_to_duration = "0.2.1"
 indicatif = "0.17"
 is-terminal = "0.4.6"
 itertools = "0.10.5"
-libc = "0.2.143"
+libc = "0.2.144"
 lscolors = { version = "0.14.0", default-features=false, features = ["nu-ansi-term"] }
 memchr = "2"
 nix = { version="0.26", default-features=false }
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ walkdir = "2.3"
 winapi-util = "0.1.5"
 windows-sys = { version="0.45.0", default-features=false }
 xattr = "1.0.0"
-zip = { version = "0.6.5", default_features=false, features=["deflate"] }
+zip = { version = "0.6.6", default_features=false, features=["deflate"] }
 
 hex = "0.4.3"
 md-5 = "0.10.5"
@@ -340,7 +340,7 @@ sha2 = "0.10.6"
 sha3 = "0.10.8"
 blake2b_simd = "1.0.1"
 blake3 = "1.3.3"
-sm3 = "0.4.1"
+sm3 = "0.4.2"
 digest = "0.10.6"
 
 uucore = { version=">=0.0.18", package="uucore", path="src/uucore" }
diff --git a/docs/src/extensions.md b/docs/src/extensions.md
index 7aaf9db14..281d8ef2e 100644
--- a/docs/src/extensions.md
+++ b/docs/src/extensions.md
@@ -5,6 +5,21 @@ features that are not supported by GNU coreutils. We take care not to introduce
 features that are incompatible with the GNU coreutils. Below is a list of uutils
 extensions.
 
+## General
+
+GNU coreutils provides two ways to define short options taking an argument:
+
+```
+$ ls -w 80
+$ ls -w80
+```
+
+We support a third way:
+
+```
+$ ls -w=80
+```
+
 ## `env`
 
 `env` has an additional `-f`/`--file` flag that can parse `.env` files and set
diff --git a/src/bin/uudoc.rs b/src/bin/uudoc.rs
index 02dafc98a..b7a2ce581 100644
--- a/src/bin/uudoc.rs
+++ b/src/bin/uudoc.rs
@@ -216,6 +216,10 @@ impl<'a, 'b> MDWriter<'a, 'b> {
             } else if let Some(f) = get_zip_content(zip, &format!("pages/linux/{}.md", self.name)) {
                 f
             } else {
+                println!(
+                    "Warning: Could not find tldr examples for page '{}'",
+                    self.name
+                );
                 return Ok(());
             };
 
diff --git a/src/uu/basenc/src/basenc.rs b/src/uu/basenc/src/basenc.rs
index afc25c736..3ec8cede0 100644
--- a/src/uu/basenc/src/basenc.rs
+++ b/src/uu/basenc/src/basenc.rs
@@ -24,15 +24,33 @@ use uucore::{help_about, help_usage};
 const ABOUT: &str = help_about!("basenc.md");
 const USAGE: &str = help_usage!("basenc.md");
 
-const ENCODINGS: &[(&str, Format)] = &[
-    ("base64", Format::Base64),
-    ("base64url", Format::Base64Url),
-    ("base32", Format::Base32),
-    ("base32hex", Format::Base32Hex),
-    ("base16", Format::Base16),
-    ("base2lsbf", Format::Base2Lsbf),
-    ("base2msbf", Format::Base2Msbf),
-    ("z85", Format::Z85),
+const ENCODINGS: &[(&str, Format, &str)] = &[
+    ("base64", Format::Base64, "same as 'base64' program"),
+    ("base64url", Format::Base64Url, "file- and url-safe base64"),
+    ("base32", Format::Base32, "same as 'base32' program"),
+    (
+        "base32hex",
+        Format::Base32Hex,
+        "extended hex alphabet base32",
+    ),
+    ("base16", Format::Base16, "hex encoding"),
+    (
+        "base2lsbf",
+        Format::Base2Lsbf,
+        "bit string with least significant bit (lsb) first",
+    ),
+    (
+        "base2msbf",
+        Format::Base2Msbf,
+        "bit string with most significant bit (msb) first",
+    ),
+    (
+        "z85",
+        Format::Z85,
+        "ascii85-like encoding;\n\
+        when encoding, input length must be a multiple of 4;\n\
+        when decoding, input length must be a multiple of 5",
+    ),
 ];
 
 pub fn uu_app() -> Command {
@@ -41,6 +59,7 @@ pub fn uu_app() -> Command {
         command = command.arg(
             Arg::new(encoding.0)
                 .long(encoding.0)
+                .help(encoding.2)
                 .action(ArgAction::SetTrue),
         );
     }
diff --git a/src/uu/cksum/src/cksum.rs b/src/uu/cksum/src/cksum.rs
index 9bddd3d7a..a46f69302 100644
--- a/src/uu/cksum/src/cksum.rs
+++ b/src/uu/cksum/src/cksum.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 // file that was distributed with this source code.
 
 // spell-checker:ignore (ToDO) fname, algo
-use clap::{crate_version, Arg, Command};
+use clap::{crate_version, Arg, ArgAction, Command};
 use hex::encode;
 use std::ffi::OsStr;
 use std::fs::File;
@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ struct Options {
     algo_name: &'static str,
     digest: Box<dyn Digest + 'static>,
     output_bits: usize,
+    untagged: bool,
 }
 
 /// Calculate checksum
@@ -159,8 +160,22 @@ where
                 div_ceil(sz, options.output_bits),
                 filename.display()
             ),
-            (_, true) => println!("{sum} {sz}"),
-            (_, false) => println!("{sum} {sz} {}", filename.display()),
+            (ALGORITHM_OPTIONS_CRC, true) => println!("{sum} {sz}"),
+            (ALGORITHM_OPTIONS_CRC, false) => println!("{sum} {sz} {}", filename.display()),
+            (ALGORITHM_OPTIONS_BLAKE2B, _) if !options.untagged => {
+                println!("BLAKE2b ({}) = {sum}", filename.display());
+            }
+            _ => {
+                if options.untagged {
+                    println!("{sum}  {}", filename.display());
+                } else {
+                    println!(
+                        "{} ({}) = {sum}",
+                        options.algo_name.to_ascii_uppercase(),
+                        filename.display()
+                    );
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -202,8 +217,9 @@ fn digest_read<T: Read>(
 }
 
 mod options {
-    pub static FILE: &str = "file";
-    pub static ALGORITHM: &str = "algorithm";
+    pub const ALGORITHM: &str = "algorithm";
+    pub const FILE: &str = "file";
+    pub const UNTAGGED: &str = "untagged";
 }
 
 #[uucore::main]
@@ -222,6 +238,7 @@ pub fn uumain(args: impl uucore::Args) -> UResult<()> {
         algo_name: name,
         digest: algo,
         output_bits: bits,
+        untagged: matches.get_flag(options::UNTAGGED),
     };
 
     match matches.get_many::<String>(options::FILE) {
@@ -264,5 +281,11 @@ pub fn uu_app() -> Command {
                     ALGORITHM_OPTIONS_SM3,
                 ]),
         )
+        .arg(
+            Arg::new(options::UNTAGGED)
+                .long(options::UNTAGGED)
+                .help("create a reversed style checksum, without digest type")
+                .action(ArgAction::SetTrue),
+        )
         .after_help(AFTER_HELP)
 }
diff --git a/src/uu/cp/src/copydir.rs b/src/uu/cp/src/copydir.rs
index c312b7cbb..aaeb73f5a 100644
--- a/src/uu/cp/src/copydir.rs
+++ b/src/uu/cp/src/copydir.rs
@@ -404,8 +404,18 @@ pub(crate) fn copy_directory(
             Err(e) => show_error!("{}", e),
         }
     }
+
     // Copy the attributes from the root directory to the target directory.
-    copy_attributes(root, target, &options.attributes)?;
+    if options.parents {
+        let dest = target.join(root.file_name().unwrap());
+        copy_attributes(root, dest.as_path(), &options.attributes)?;
+        for (x, y) in aligned_ancestors(root, dest.as_path()) {
+            copy_attributes(x, y, &options.attributes)?;
+        }
+    } else {
+        copy_attributes(root, target, &options.attributes)?;
+    }
+
     Ok(())
 }
 
diff --git a/src/uu/cp/src/cp.rs b/src/uu/cp/src/cp.rs
index 3e69e5791..f7069f04f 100644
--- a/src/uu/cp/src/cp.rs
+++ b/src/uu/cp/src/cp.rs
@@ -1151,14 +1151,20 @@ fn copy_source(
     } else {
         // Copy as file
         let dest = construct_dest_path(source_path, target, target_type, options)?;
-        copy_file(
+        let res = copy_file(
             progress_bar,
             source_path,
             dest.as_path(),
             options,
             symlinked_files,
             true,
-        )
+        );
+        if options.parents {
+            for (x, y) in aligned_ancestors(source, dest.as_path()) {
+                copy_attributes(x, y, &options.attributes)?;
+            }
+        }
+        res
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/uu/dd/Cargo.toml b/src/uu/dd/Cargo.toml
index b81ef1a8e..04b60dc31 100644
--- a/src/uu/dd/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/uu/dd/Cargo.toml
@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@ gcd = { workspace=true }
 libc = { workspace=true }
 uucore = { workspace=true, features=["memo"] }
 
+[target.'cfg(any(target_os = "linux"))'.dependencies]
+nix = { workspace=true, features = ["fs"] }
+
 [target.'cfg(any(target_os = "linux", target_os = "android"))'.dependencies]
 signal-hook = { workspace=true }
 
diff --git a/src/uu/dd/src/dd.rs b/src/uu/dd/src/dd.rs
index 836456635..6727f4bb0 100644
--- a/src/uu/dd/src/dd.rs
+++ b/src/uu/dd/src/dd.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 // For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE
 // file that was distributed with this source code.
 
-// spell-checker:ignore fname, tname, fpath, specfile, testfile, unspec, ifile, ofile, outfile, fullblock, urand, fileio, atoe, atoibm, behaviour, bmax, bremain, cflags, creat, ctable, ctty, datastructures, doesnt, etoa, fileout, fname, gnudd, iconvflags, iseek, nocache, noctty, noerror, nofollow, nolinks, nonblock, oconvflags, oseek, outfile, parseargs, rlen, rmax, rremain, rsofar, rstat, sigusr, wlen, wstat seekable oconv canonicalized
+// spell-checker:ignore fname, tname, fpath, specfile, testfile, unspec, ifile, ofile, outfile, fullblock, urand, fileio, atoe, atoibm, behaviour, bmax, bremain, cflags, creat, ctable, ctty, datastructures, doesnt, etoa, fileout, fname, gnudd, iconvflags, iseek, nocache, noctty, noerror, nofollow, nolinks, nonblock, oconvflags, oseek, outfile, parseargs, rlen, rmax, rremain, rsofar, rstat, sigusr, wlen, wstat seekable oconv canonicalized fadvise Fadvise FADV DONTNEED ESPIPE
 
 mod datastructures;
 use datastructures::*;
@@ -42,9 +42,16 @@ use std::time;
 
 use clap::{crate_version, Arg, Command};
 use gcd::Gcd;
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+use nix::{
+    errno::Errno,
+    fcntl::{posix_fadvise, PosixFadviseAdvice},
+};
 use uucore::display::Quotable;
 use uucore::error::{FromIo, UResult};
 use uucore::{format_usage, help_about, help_section, help_usage, show_error};
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+use uucore::{show, show_if_err};
 
 const ABOUT: &str = help_about!("dd.md");
 const AFTER_HELP: &str = help_section!("after help", "dd.md");
@@ -131,6 +138,16 @@ impl Source {
         Self::StdinFile(f)
     }
 
+    /// The length of the data source in number of bytes.
+    ///
+    /// If it cannot be determined, then this function returns 0.
+    fn len(&self) -> std::io::Result<i64> {
+        match self {
+            Self::File(f) => Ok(f.metadata()?.len().try_into().unwrap_or(i64::MAX)),
+            _ => Ok(0),
+        }
+    }
+
     fn skip(&mut self, n: u64) -> io::Result<u64> {
         match self {
             #[cfg(not(unix))]
@@ -156,6 +173,23 @@ impl Source {
             Self::Fifo(f) => io::copy(&mut f.take(n), &mut io::sink()),
         }
     }
+
+    /// Discard the system file cache for the given portion of the data source.
+    ///
+    /// `offset` and `len` specify a contiguous portion of the data
+    /// source. This function informs the kernel that the specified
+    /// portion of the source is no longer needed. If not possible,
+    /// then this function returns an error.
+    #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+    fn discard_cache(&self, offset: libc::off_t, len: libc::off_t) -> nix::Result<()> {
+        match self {
+            Self::File(f) => {
+                let advice = PosixFadviseAdvice::POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED;
+                posix_fadvise(f.as_raw_fd(), offset, len, advice)
+            }
+            _ => Err(Errno::ESPIPE), // "Illegal seek"
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl Read for Source {
@@ -296,6 +330,29 @@ impl<'a> Read for Input<'a> {
 }
 
 impl<'a> Input<'a> {
+    /// Discard the system file cache for the given portion of the input.
+    ///
+    /// `offset` and `len` specify a contiguous portion of the input.
+    /// This function informs the kernel that the specified portion of
+    /// the input file is no longer needed. If not possible, then this
+    /// function prints an error message to stderr and sets the exit
+    /// status code to 1.
+    #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    fn discard_cache(&self, offset: libc::off_t, len: libc::off_t) {
+        #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+        {
+            show_if_err!(self
+                .src
+                .discard_cache(offset, len)
+                .map_err_context(|| "failed to discard cache for: 'standard input'".to_string()));
+        }
+        #[cfg(not(target_os = "linux"))]
+        {
+            // TODO Is there a way to discard filesystem cache on
+            // these other operating systems?
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Fills a given buffer.
     /// Reads in increments of 'self.ibs'.
     /// The start of each ibs-sized read follows the previous one.
@@ -317,13 +374,13 @@ impl<'a> Input<'a> {
                 _ => break,
             }
         }
-
         buf.truncate(bytes_total);
         Ok(ReadStat {
             reads_complete,
             reads_partial,
             // Records are not truncated when filling.
             records_truncated: 0,
+            bytes_total: bytes_total.try_into().unwrap(),
         })
     }
 
@@ -334,6 +391,7 @@ impl<'a> Input<'a> {
         let mut reads_complete = 0;
         let mut reads_partial = 0;
         let mut base_idx = 0;
+        let mut bytes_total = 0;
 
         while base_idx < buf.len() {
             let next_blk = cmp::min(base_idx + self.settings.ibs, buf.len());
@@ -342,11 +400,13 @@ impl<'a> Input<'a> {
             match self.read(&mut buf[base_idx..next_blk])? {
                 0 => break,
                 rlen if rlen < target_len => {
+                    bytes_total += rlen;
                     reads_partial += 1;
                     let padding = vec![pad; target_len - rlen];
                     buf.splice(base_idx + rlen..next_blk, padding.into_iter());
                 }
-                _ => {
+                rlen => {
+                    bytes_total += rlen;
                     reads_complete += 1;
                 }
             }
@@ -359,6 +419,7 @@ impl<'a> Input<'a> {
             reads_complete,
             reads_partial,
             records_truncated: 0,
+            bytes_total: bytes_total.try_into().unwrap(),
         })
     }
 }
@@ -447,6 +508,33 @@ impl Dest {
             _ => Ok(()),
         }
     }
+
+    /// Discard the system file cache for the given portion of the destination.
+    ///
+    /// `offset` and `len` specify a contiguous portion of the
+    /// destination. This function informs the kernel that the
+    /// specified portion of the destination is no longer needed. If
+    /// not possible, then this function returns an error.
+    #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+    fn discard_cache(&self, offset: libc::off_t, len: libc::off_t) -> nix::Result<()> {
+        match self {
+            Self::File(f, _) => {
+                let advice = PosixFadviseAdvice::POSIX_FADV_DONTNEED;
+                posix_fadvise(f.as_raw_fd(), offset, len, advice)
+            }
+            _ => Err(Errno::ESPIPE), // "Illegal seek"
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The length of the data destination in number of bytes.
+    ///
+    /// If it cannot be determined, then this function returns 0.
+    fn len(&self) -> std::io::Result<i64> {
+        match self {
+            Self::File(f, _) => Ok(f.metadata()?.len().try_into().unwrap_or(i64::MAX)),
+            _ => Ok(0),
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 /// Decide whether the given buffer is all zeros.
@@ -580,6 +668,29 @@ impl<'a> Output<'a> {
         Ok(Self { dst, settings })
     }
 
+    /// Discard the system file cache for the given portion of the output.
+    ///
+    /// `offset` and `len` specify a contiguous portion of the output.
+    /// This function informs the kernel that the specified portion of
+    /// the output file is no longer needed. If not possible, then
+    /// this function prints an error message to stderr and sets the
+    /// exit status code to 1.
+    #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    fn discard_cache(&self, offset: libc::off_t, len: libc::off_t) {
+        #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+        {
+            show_if_err!(self
+                .dst
+                .discard_cache(offset, len)
+                .map_err_context(|| "failed to discard cache for: 'standard output'".to_string()));
+        }
+        #[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+        {
+            // TODO Is there a way to discard filesystem cache on
+            // these other operating systems?
+        }
+    }
+
     /// Write the given bytes one block at a time.
     ///
     /// This may write partial blocks (for example, if the underlying
@@ -674,6 +785,27 @@ fn dd_copy(mut i: Input, mut o: Output) -> std::io::Result<()> {
     // Optimization: if no blocks are to be written, then don't
     // bother allocating any buffers.
     if let Some(Num::Blocks(0) | Num::Bytes(0)) = i.settings.count {
+        // Even though we are not reading anything from the input
+        // file, we still need to honor the `nocache` flag, which
+        // requests that we inform the system that we no longer
+        // need the contents of the input file in a system cache.
+        //
+        // TODO Better error handling for overflowing `len`.
+        if i.settings.iflags.nocache {
+            let offset = 0;
+            #[allow(clippy::useless_conversion)]
+            let len = i.src.len()?.try_into().unwrap();
+            i.discard_cache(offset, len);
+        }
+        // Similarly, discard the system cache for the output file.
+        //
+        // TODO Better error handling for overflowing `len`.
+        if i.settings.oflags.nocache {
+            let offset = 0;
+            #[allow(clippy::useless_conversion)]
+            let len = o.dst.len()?.try_into().unwrap();
+            o.discard_cache(offset, len);
+        }
         return finalize(&mut o, rstat, wstat, start, &prog_tx, output_thread);
     };
 
@@ -681,6 +813,13 @@ fn dd_copy(mut i: Input, mut o: Output) -> std::io::Result<()> {
     // This is the max size needed.
     let mut buf = vec![BUF_INIT_BYTE; bsize];
 
+    // Index in the input file where we are reading bytes and in
+    // the output file where we are writing bytes.
+    //
+    // These are updated on each iteration of the main loop.
+    let mut read_offset = 0;
+    let mut write_offset = 0;
+
     // The main read/write loop.
     //
     // Each iteration reads blocks from the input and writes
@@ -700,6 +839,30 @@ fn dd_copy(mut i: Input, mut o: Output) -> std::io::Result<()> {
         }
         let wstat_update = o.write_blocks(&buf)?;
 
+        // Discard the system file cache for the read portion of
+        // the input file.
+        //
+        // TODO Better error handling for overflowing `offset` and `len`.
+        let read_len = rstat_update.bytes_total;
+        if i.settings.iflags.nocache {
+            let offset = read_offset.try_into().unwrap();
+            let len = read_len.try_into().unwrap();
+            i.discard_cache(offset, len);
+        }
+        read_offset += read_len;
+
+        // Discard the system file cache for the written portion
+        // of the output file.
+        //
+        // TODO Better error handling for overflowing `offset` and `len`.
+        let write_len = wstat_update.bytes_total;
+        if o.settings.oflags.nocache {
+            let offset = write_offset.try_into().unwrap();
+            let len = write_len.try_into().unwrap();
+            o.discard_cache(offset, len);
+        }
+        write_offset += write_len;
+
         // Update the read/write stats and inform the progress thread once per second.
         //
         // If the receiver is disconnected, `send()` returns an
diff --git a/src/uu/dd/src/parseargs.rs b/src/uu/dd/src/parseargs.rs
index 9057b623e..20a8da1ee 100644
--- a/src/uu/dd/src/parseargs.rs
+++ b/src/uu/dd/src/parseargs.rs
@@ -304,7 +304,7 @@ impl Parser {
                 "directory" => linux_only!(f, i.directory = true),
                 "dsync" => linux_only!(f, i.dsync = true),
                 "sync" => linux_only!(f, i.sync = true),
-                "nocache" => return Err(ParseError::Unimplemented(f.to_string())),
+                "nocache" => linux_only!(f, i.nocache = true),
                 "nonblock" => linux_only!(f, i.nonblock = true),
                 "noatime" => linux_only!(f, i.noatime = true),
                 "noctty" => linux_only!(f, i.noctty = true),
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ impl Parser {
                 "directory" => linux_only!(f, o.directory = true),
                 "dsync" => linux_only!(f, o.dsync = true),
                 "sync" => linux_only!(f, o.sync = true),
-                "nocache" => return Err(ParseError::Unimplemented(f.to_string())),
+                "nocache" => linux_only!(f, o.nocache = true),
                 "nonblock" => linux_only!(f, o.nonblock = true),
                 "noatime" => linux_only!(f, o.noatime = true),
                 "noctty" => linux_only!(f, o.noctty = true),
diff --git a/src/uu/dd/src/parseargs/unit_tests.rs b/src/uu/dd/src/parseargs/unit_tests.rs
index a135c3572..54e17b882 100644
--- a/src/uu/dd/src/parseargs/unit_tests.rs
+++ b/src/uu/dd/src/parseargs/unit_tests.rs
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ fn unimplemented_flags_should_error() {
     let mut succeeded = Vec::new();
 
     // The following flags are not implemented
-    for flag in ["cio", "nocache", "nolinks", "text", "binary"] {
+    for flag in ["cio", "nolinks", "text", "binary"] {
         let args = vec![format!("iflag={flag}")];
 
         if Parser::new()
diff --git a/src/uu/dd/src/progress.rs b/src/uu/dd/src/progress.rs
index 51cfa92ef..65af053b8 100644
--- a/src/uu/dd/src/progress.rs
+++ b/src/uu/dd/src/progress.rs
@@ -79,9 +79,9 @@ impl ProgUpdate {
     /// ```rust,ignore
     /// use std::io::Cursor;
     /// use std::time::Duration;
-    /// use crate::progress::{ProgUpdate, ReadState, WriteStat};
+    /// use crate::progress::{ProgUpdate, ReadStat, WriteStat};
     ///
-    /// let read_stat = ReadStat::new(1, 2, 3);
+    /// let read_stat = ReadStat::new(1, 2, 3, 999);
     /// let write_stat = WriteStat::new(4, 5, 6);
     /// let duration = Duration::new(789, 0);
     /// let prog_update = ProgUpdate {
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ impl ProgUpdate {
     /// ```rust,ignore
     /// use std::io::Cursor;
     /// use std::time::Duration;
-    /// use crate::progress::{ProgUpdate, ReadState, WriteStat};
+    /// use crate::progress::ProgUpdate;
     ///
     /// let prog_update = ProgUpdate {
     ///     read_stat: Default::default(),
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ impl ProgUpdate {
     /// ```rust,ignore
     /// use std::io::Cursor;
     /// use std::time::Duration;
-    /// use crate::progress::{ProgUpdate, ReadState, WriteStat};
+    /// use crate::progress::ProgUpdate;
     ///
     /// let prog_update = ProgUpdate {
     ///     read_stat: Default::default(),
@@ -276,16 +276,20 @@ pub(crate) struct ReadStat {
     ///
     /// A truncated record can only occur in `conv=block` mode.
     pub(crate) records_truncated: u32,
+
+    /// The total number of bytes read.
+    pub(crate) bytes_total: u64,
 }
 
 impl ReadStat {
     /// Create a new instance.
     #[allow(dead_code)]
-    fn new(complete: u64, partial: u64, truncated: u32) -> Self {
+    fn new(complete: u64, partial: u64, truncated: u32, bytes_total: u64) -> Self {
         Self {
             reads_complete: complete,
             reads_partial: partial,
             records_truncated: truncated,
+            bytes_total,
         }
     }
 
@@ -315,6 +319,7 @@ impl std::ops::AddAssign for ReadStat {
             reads_complete: self.reads_complete + other.reads_complete,
             reads_partial: self.reads_partial + other.reads_partial,
             records_truncated: self.records_truncated + other.records_truncated,
+            bytes_total: self.bytes_total + other.bytes_total,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -514,7 +519,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_read_stat_report() {
-        let read_stat = ReadStat::new(1, 2, 3);
+        let read_stat = ReadStat::new(1, 2, 3, 4);
         let mut cursor = Cursor::new(vec![]);
         read_stat.report(&mut cursor).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(cursor.get_ref(), b"1+2 records in\n");
@@ -530,7 +535,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_prog_update_write_io_lines() {
-        let read_stat = ReadStat::new(1, 2, 3);
+        let read_stat = ReadStat::new(1, 2, 3, 4);
         let write_stat = WriteStat::new(4, 5, 6);
         let duration = Duration::new(789, 0);
         let complete = false;
diff --git a/src/uu/ls/src/ls.rs b/src/uu/ls/src/ls.rs
index db8024c2e..e5ad4bcd4 100644
--- a/src/uu/ls/src/ls.rs
+++ b/src/uu/ls/src/ls.rs
@@ -41,7 +41,13 @@ use unicode_width::UnicodeWidthStr;
     target_os = "linux",
     target_os = "macos",
     target_os = "android",
-    target_os = "ios"
+    target_os = "ios",
+    target_os = "freebsd",
+    target_os = "dragonfly",
+    target_os = "netbsd",
+    target_os = "openbsd",
+    target_os = "illumos",
+    target_os = "solaris"
 ))]
 use uucore::libc::{dev_t, major, minor};
 #[cfg(unix)]
@@ -1991,7 +1997,12 @@ fn should_display(entry: &DirEntry, config: &Config) -> bool {
         require_literal_separator: false,
         case_sensitive: true,
     };
-    let file_name = entry.file_name().into_string().unwrap();
+    let file_name = entry.file_name();
+    // If the decoding fails, still show an incorrect rendering
+    let file_name = match file_name.to_str() {
+        Some(s) => s.to_string(),
+        None => file_name.to_string_lossy().into_owned(),
+    };
     !config
         .ignore_patterns
         .iter()
@@ -2716,7 +2727,13 @@ fn display_len_or_rdev(metadata: &Metadata, config: &Config) -> SizeOrDeviceId {
         target_os = "linux",
         target_os = "macos",
         target_os = "android",
-        target_os = "ios"
+        target_os = "ios",
+        target_os = "freebsd",
+        target_os = "dragonfly",
+        target_os = "netbsd",
+        target_os = "openbsd",
+        target_os = "illumos",
+        target_os = "solaris"
     ))]
     {
         let ft = metadata.file_type();
diff --git a/src/uu/tac/Cargo.toml b/src/uu/tac/Cargo.toml
index 50d83a67c..0d9056915 100644
--- a/src/uu/tac/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/uu/tac/Cargo.toml
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ path = "src/tac.rs"
 
 [dependencies]
 memchr = { workspace=true }
-memmap2 = "0.5"
+memmap2 = "0.6"
 regex = { workspace=true }
 clap = { workspace=true }
 uucore = { workspace=true }
diff --git a/src/uu/yes/Cargo.toml b/src/uu/yes/Cargo.toml
index fd3d9ddc0..9d661fb0d 100644
--- a/src/uu/yes/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/uu/yes/Cargo.toml
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ path = "src/yes.rs"
 
 [dependencies]
 clap = { workspace=true }
+itertools = { workspace=true }
 
 [target.'cfg(unix)'.dependencies]
 uucore = { workspace=true, features=["pipes", "signals"] }
diff --git a/src/uu/yes/src/yes.rs b/src/uu/yes/src/yes.rs
index 41bfeddca..fd5124064 100644
--- a/src/uu/yes/src/yes.rs
+++ b/src/uu/yes/src/yes.rs
@@ -7,8 +7,11 @@
 
 /* last synced with: yes (GNU coreutils) 8.13 */
 
-use clap::{Arg, ArgAction, Command};
-use std::borrow::Cow;
+// cSpell:ignore strs
+
+use clap::{builder::ValueParser, Arg, ArgAction, Command};
+use std::error::Error;
+use std::ffi::OsString;
 use std::io::{self, Write};
 use uucore::error::{UResult, USimpleError};
 #[cfg(unix)]
@@ -28,19 +31,11 @@ const BUF_SIZE: usize = 16 * 1024;
 pub fn uumain(args: impl uucore::Args) -> UResult<()> {
     let matches = uu_app().try_get_matches_from(args)?;
 
-    let string = if let Some(values) = matches.get_many::<String>("STRING") {
-        let mut result = values.fold(String::new(), |res, s| res + s + " ");
-        result.pop();
-        result.push('\n');
-        Cow::from(result)
-    } else {
-        Cow::from("y\n")
-    };
+    let mut buffer = Vec::with_capacity(BUF_SIZE);
+    args_into_buffer(&mut buffer, matches.get_many::<OsString>("STRING")).unwrap();
+    prepare_buffer(&mut buffer);
 
-    let mut buffer = [0; BUF_SIZE];
-    let bytes = prepare_buffer(&string, &mut buffer);
-
-    match exec(bytes) {
+    match exec(&buffer) {
         Ok(()) => Ok(()),
         Err(err) if err.kind() == io::ErrorKind::BrokenPipe => Ok(()),
         Err(err) => Err(USimpleError::new(1, format!("standard output: {err}"))),
@@ -51,21 +46,73 @@ pub fn uu_app() -> Command {
     Command::new(uucore::util_name())
         .about(ABOUT)
         .override_usage(format_usage(USAGE))
-        .arg(Arg::new("STRING").action(ArgAction::Append))
+        .arg(
+            Arg::new("STRING")
+                .value_parser(ValueParser::os_string())
+                .action(ArgAction::Append),
+        )
         .infer_long_args(true)
 }
 
-fn prepare_buffer<'a>(input: &'a str, buffer: &'a mut [u8; BUF_SIZE]) -> &'a [u8] {
-    if input.len() < BUF_SIZE / 2 {
-        let mut size = 0;
-        while size < BUF_SIZE - input.len() {
-            let (_, right) = buffer.split_at_mut(size);
-            right[..input.len()].copy_from_slice(input.as_bytes());
-            size += input.len();
-        }
-        &buffer[..size]
+// Copies words from `i` into `buf`, separated by spaces.
+fn args_into_buffer<'a>(
+    buf: &mut Vec<u8>,
+    i: Option<impl Iterator<Item = &'a OsString>>,
+) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
+    // TODO: this should be replaced with let/else once available in the MSRV.
+    let i = if let Some(i) = i {
+        i
     } else {
-        input.as_bytes()
+        buf.extend_from_slice(b"y\n");
+        return Ok(());
+    };
+
+    // On Unix (and wasi), OsStrs are just &[u8]'s underneath...
+    #[cfg(any(unix, target_os = "wasi"))]
+    {
+        #[cfg(unix)]
+        use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;
+        #[cfg(target_os = "wasi")]
+        use std::os::wasi::ffi::OsStrExt;
+
+        for part in itertools::intersperse(i.map(|a| a.as_bytes()), b" ") {
+            buf.extend_from_slice(part);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // But, on Windows, we must hop through a String.
+    #[cfg(not(any(unix, target_os = "wasi")))]
+    {
+        for part in itertools::intersperse(i.map(|a| a.to_str()), Some(" ")) {
+            let bytes = match part {
+                Some(part) => part.as_bytes(),
+                None => return Err("arguments contain invalid UTF-8".into()),
+            };
+            buf.extend_from_slice(bytes);
+        }
+    }
+
+    buf.push(b'\n');
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+// Assumes buf holds a single output line forged from the command line arguments, copies it
+// repeatedly until the buffer holds as many copies as it can under BUF_SIZE.
+fn prepare_buffer(buf: &mut Vec<u8>) {
+    if buf.len() * 2 > BUF_SIZE {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    assert!(!buf.is_empty());
+
+    let line_len = buf.len();
+    let target_size = line_len * (BUF_SIZE / line_len);
+
+    while buf.len() < target_size {
+        let to_copy = std::cmp::min(target_size - buf.len(), buf.len());
+        debug_assert_eq!(to_copy % line_len, 0);
+        buf.extend_from_within(..to_copy);
     }
 }
 
@@ -88,3 +135,67 @@ pub fn exec(bytes: &[u8]) -> io::Result<()> {
         stdout.write_all(bytes)?;
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_prepare_buffer() {
+        let tests = [
+            (150, 16350),
+            (1000, 16000),
+            (4093, 16372),
+            (4099, 12297),
+            (4111, 12333),
+            (2, 16384),
+            (3, 16383),
+            (4, 16384),
+            (5, 16380),
+            (8192, 16384),
+            (8191, 16382),
+            (8193, 8193),
+            (10000, 10000),
+            (15000, 15000),
+            (25000, 25000),
+        ];
+
+        for (line, final_len) in tests {
+            let mut v = std::iter::repeat(b'a').take(line).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            prepare_buffer(&mut v);
+            assert_eq!(v.len(), final_len);
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_args_into_buf() {
+        {
+            let mut v = Vec::with_capacity(BUF_SIZE);
+            args_into_buffer(&mut v, None::<std::slice::Iter<OsString>>).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(String::from_utf8(v).unwrap(), "y\n");
+        }
+
+        {
+            let mut v = Vec::with_capacity(BUF_SIZE);
+            args_into_buffer(&mut v, Some([OsString::from("foo")].iter())).unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(String::from_utf8(v).unwrap(), "foo\n");
+        }
+
+        {
+            let mut v = Vec::with_capacity(BUF_SIZE);
+            args_into_buffer(
+                &mut v,
+                Some(
+                    [
+                        OsString::from("foo"),
+                        OsString::from("bar    baz"),
+                        OsString::from("qux"),
+                    ]
+                    .iter(),
+                ),
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            assert_eq!(String::from_utf8(v).unwrap(), "foo bar    baz qux\n");
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/uucore/Cargo.toml b/src/uucore/Cargo.toml
index 2df32b614..8693fbfc4 100644
--- a/src/uucore/Cargo.toml
+++ b/src/uucore/Cargo.toml
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ time = { workspace=true, optional=true, features = ["formatting", "local-offset"
 data-encoding = { version="2.3", optional=true }
 data-encoding-macro = { version="0.1.12", optional=true }
 z85 = { version="3.0.5", optional=true }
-libc = { version="0.2.143", optional=true }
+libc = { version="0.2.144", optional=true }
 once_cell = { workspace=true }
 os_display = "0.1.3"
 
diff --git a/tests/by-util/test_cksum.rs b/tests/by-util/test_cksum.rs
index 814d4c03a..41ddc2ee0 100644
--- a/tests/by-util/test_cksum.rs
+++ b/tests/by-util/test_cksum.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,11 @@
-// spell-checker:ignore (words) asdf
+// spell-checker:ignore (words) asdf algo algos
 
 use crate::common::util::TestScenario;
 
+const ALGOS: [&str; 11] = [
+    "sysv", "bsd", "crc", "md5", "sha1", "sha224", "sha256", "sha384", "sha512", "blake2b", "sm3",
+];
+
 #[test]
 fn test_invalid_arg() {
     new_ucmd!().arg("--definitely-invalid").fails().code_is(1);
@@ -12,7 +16,7 @@ fn test_single_file() {
     new_ucmd!()
         .arg("lorem_ipsum.txt")
         .succeeds()
-        .stdout_is_fixture("single_file.expected");
+        .stdout_is_fixture("crc_single_file.expected");
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -21,7 +25,7 @@ fn test_multiple_files() {
         .arg("lorem_ipsum.txt")
         .arg("alice_in_wonderland.txt")
         .succeeds()
-        .stdout_is_fixture("multiple_files.expected");
+        .stdout_is_fixture("crc_multiple_files.expected");
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -29,11 +33,11 @@ fn test_stdin() {
     new_ucmd!()
         .pipe_in_fixture("lorem_ipsum.txt")
         .succeeds()
-        .stdout_is_fixture("stdin.expected");
+        .stdout_is_fixture("crc_stdin.expected");
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn test_empty() {
+fn test_empty_file() {
     let (at, mut ucmd) = at_and_ucmd!();
 
     at.touch("a");
@@ -62,25 +66,26 @@ fn test_arg_overrides_stdin() {
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn test_invalid_file() {
-    let ts = TestScenario::new(util_name!());
-    let at = ts.fixtures.clone();
+fn test_nonexisting_file() {
+    let file_name = "asdf";
 
-    let folder_name = "asdf";
-
-    // First check when file doesn't exist
-    ts.ucmd()
-        .arg(folder_name)
+    new_ucmd!()
+        .arg(file_name)
         .fails()
         .no_stdout()
-        .stderr_contains("cksum: asdf: No such file or directory");
+        .stderr_contains(format!("cksum: {file_name}: No such file or directory"));
+}
 
-    // Then check when the file is of an invalid type
+#[test]
+fn test_folder() {
+    let (at, mut ucmd) = at_and_ucmd!();
+
+    let folder_name = "a_folder";
     at.mkdir(folder_name);
-    ts.ucmd()
-        .arg(folder_name)
+
+    ucmd.arg(folder_name)
         .succeeds()
-        .stdout_only("4294967295 0 asdf\n");
+        .stdout_only(format!("4294967295 0 {folder_name}\n"));
 }
 
 // Make sure crc is correct for files larger than 32 bytes
@@ -116,77 +121,106 @@ fn test_stdin_larger_than_128_bytes() {
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn test_sha1_single_file() {
-    new_ucmd!()
-        .arg("-a=sha1")
-        .arg("lorem_ipsum.txt")
-        .succeeds()
-        .stdout_is("ab1dd0bae1d8883a3d18a66de6afbd28252cfbef 772 lorem_ipsum.txt\n");
+fn test_algorithm_single_file() {
+    for algo in ALGOS {
+        for option in ["-a", "--algorithm"] {
+            new_ucmd!()
+                .arg(format!("{option}={algo}"))
+                .arg("lorem_ipsum.txt")
+                .succeeds()
+                .stdout_is_fixture(format!("{algo}_single_file.expected"));
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn test_sm3_single_file() {
-    new_ucmd!()
-        .arg("-a=sm3")
-        .arg("lorem_ipsum.txt")
-        .succeeds()
-        .stdout_is(
-        "6d296b805d060bfed22808df308dbb9b4317794dd4ed6740a10770a782699bc2 772 lorem_ipsum.txt\n",
-    );
+fn test_algorithm_multiple_files() {
+    for algo in ALGOS {
+        for option in ["-a", "--algorithm"] {
+            new_ucmd!()
+                .arg(format!("{option}={algo}"))
+                .arg("lorem_ipsum.txt")
+                .arg("alice_in_wonderland.txt")
+                .succeeds()
+                .stdout_is_fixture(format!("{algo}_multiple_files.expected"));
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn test_bsd_single_file() {
-    new_ucmd!()
-        .arg("-a=bsd")
-        .arg("lorem_ipsum.txt")
-        .succeeds()
-        .stdout_only_fixture("bsd_single_file.expected");
+fn test_algorithm_stdin() {
+    for algo in ALGOS {
+        for option in ["-a", "--algorithm"] {
+            new_ucmd!()
+                .arg(format!("{option}={algo}"))
+                .pipe_in_fixture("lorem_ipsum.txt")
+                .succeeds()
+                .stdout_is_fixture(format!("{algo}_stdin.expected"));
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn test_bsd_multiple_files() {
+fn test_untagged_single_file() {
     new_ucmd!()
-        .arg("-a=bsd")
+        .arg("--untagged")
+        .arg("lorem_ipsum.txt")
+        .succeeds()
+        .stdout_is_fixture("untagged/crc_single_file.expected");
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_untagged_multiple_files() {
+    new_ucmd!()
+        .arg("--untagged")
         .arg("lorem_ipsum.txt")
         .arg("alice_in_wonderland.txt")
         .succeeds()
-        .stdout_only_fixture("bsd_multiple_files.expected");
+        .stdout_is_fixture("untagged/crc_multiple_files.expected");
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn test_bsd_stdin() {
+fn test_untagged_stdin() {
     new_ucmd!()
-        .arg("-a=bsd")
+        .arg("--untagged")
         .pipe_in_fixture("lorem_ipsum.txt")
         .succeeds()
-        .stdout_only_fixture("bsd_stdin.expected");
+        .stdout_is_fixture("untagged/crc_stdin.expected");
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn test_sysv_single_file() {
-    new_ucmd!()
-        .arg("-a=sysv")
-        .arg("lorem_ipsum.txt")
-        .succeeds()
-        .stdout_only_fixture("sysv_single_file.expected");
+fn test_untagged_algorithm_single_file() {
+    for algo in ALGOS {
+        new_ucmd!()
+            .arg("--untagged")
+            .arg(format!("--algorithm={algo}"))
+            .arg("lorem_ipsum.txt")
+            .succeeds()
+            .stdout_is_fixture(format!("untagged/{algo}_single_file.expected"));
+    }
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn test_sysv_multiple_files() {
-    new_ucmd!()
-        .arg("-a=sysv")
-        .arg("lorem_ipsum.txt")
-        .arg("alice_in_wonderland.txt")
-        .succeeds()
-        .stdout_only_fixture("sysv_multiple_files.expected");
+fn test_untagged_algorithm_multiple_files() {
+    for algo in ALGOS {
+        new_ucmd!()
+            .arg("--untagged")
+            .arg(format!("--algorithm={algo}"))
+            .arg("lorem_ipsum.txt")
+            .arg("alice_in_wonderland.txt")
+            .succeeds()
+            .stdout_is_fixture(format!("untagged/{algo}_multiple_files.expected"));
+    }
 }
 
 #[test]
-fn test_sysv_stdin() {
-    new_ucmd!()
-        .arg("-a=sysv")
-        .pipe_in_fixture("lorem_ipsum.txt")
-        .succeeds()
-        .stdout_only_fixture("sysv_stdin.expected");
+fn test_untagged_algorithm_stdin() {
+    for algo in ALGOS {
+        new_ucmd!()
+            .arg("--untagged")
+            .arg(format!("--algorithm={algo}"))
+            .pipe_in_fixture("lorem_ipsum.txt")
+            .succeeds()
+            .stdout_is_fixture(format!("untagged/{algo}_stdin.expected"));
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/by-util/test_cp.rs b/tests/by-util/test_cp.rs
index 0a6e58049..ef35f6c2d 100644
--- a/tests/by-util/test_cp.rs
+++ b/tests/by-util/test_cp.rs
@@ -1075,6 +1075,88 @@ fn test_cp_parents_dest_not_directory() {
         .stderr_contains("with --parents, the destination must be a directory");
 }
 
+#[test]
+fn test_cp_parents_with_permissions_copy_file() {
+    let (at, mut ucmd) = at_and_ucmd!();
+
+    let dir = "dir";
+    let file = "p1/p2/file";
+
+    at.mkdir(dir);
+    at.mkdir_all("p1/p2");
+    at.touch(file);
+
+    let p1_mode = 0o0777;
+    let p2_mode = 0o0711;
+    let file_mode = 0o0702;
+
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    {
+        at.set_mode("p1", p1_mode);
+        at.set_mode("p1/p2", p2_mode);
+        at.set_mode(file, file_mode);
+    }
+
+    ucmd.arg("-p")
+        .arg("--parents")
+        .arg(file)
+        .arg(dir)
+        .succeeds();
+
+    #[cfg(all(unix, not(target_os = "freebsd")))]
+    {
+        let p1_metadata = at.metadata("p1");
+        let p2_metadata = at.metadata("p1/p2");
+        let file_metadata = at.metadata(file);
+
+        assert_metadata_eq!(p1_metadata, at.metadata("dir/p1"));
+        assert_metadata_eq!(p2_metadata, at.metadata("dir/p1/p2"));
+        assert_metadata_eq!(file_metadata, at.metadata("dir/p1/p2/file"));
+    }
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn test_cp_parents_with_permissions_copy_dir() {
+    let (at, mut ucmd) = at_and_ucmd!();
+
+    let dir1 = "dir";
+    let dir2 = "p1/p2";
+    let file = "p1/p2/file";
+
+    at.mkdir(dir1);
+    at.mkdir_all(dir2);
+    at.touch(file);
+
+    let p1_mode = 0o0777;
+    let p2_mode = 0o0711;
+    let file_mode = 0o0702;
+
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    {
+        at.set_mode("p1", p1_mode);
+        at.set_mode("p1/p2", p2_mode);
+        at.set_mode(file, file_mode);
+    }
+
+    ucmd.arg("-p")
+        .arg("--parents")
+        .arg("-r")
+        .arg(dir2)
+        .arg(dir1)
+        .succeeds();
+
+    #[cfg(all(unix, not(target_os = "freebsd")))]
+    {
+        let p1_metadata = at.metadata("p1");
+        let p2_metadata = at.metadata("p1/p2");
+        let file_metadata = at.metadata(file);
+
+        assert_metadata_eq!(p1_metadata, at.metadata("dir/p1"));
+        assert_metadata_eq!(p2_metadata, at.metadata("dir/p1/p2"));
+        assert_metadata_eq!(file_metadata, at.metadata("dir/p1/p2/file"));
+    }
+}
+
 #[test]
 #[cfg(unix)]
 fn test_cp_writable_special_file_permissions() {
@@ -1581,13 +1663,13 @@ fn test_cp_one_file_system() {
     use walkdir::WalkDir;
 
     let scene = TestScenario::new(util_name!());
+    let at = &scene.fixtures;
 
     // Test must be run as root (or with `sudo -E`)
     if scene.cmd("whoami").run().stdout_str() != "root\n" {
         return;
     }
 
-    let at = scene.fixtures.clone();
     let at_src = AtPath::new(&at.plus(TEST_MOUNT_COPY_FROM_FOLDER));
     let at_dst = AtPath::new(&at.plus(TEST_COPY_TO_FOLDER_NEW));
 
diff --git a/tests/by-util/test_date.rs b/tests/by-util/test_date.rs
index edad87bd6..42a94099d 100644
--- a/tests/by-util/test_date.rs
+++ b/tests/by-util/test_date.rs
@@ -282,6 +282,27 @@ fn test_date_for_invalid_file() {
 }
 
 #[test]
+#[cfg(unix)]
+fn test_date_for_no_permission_file() {
+    let (at, mut ucmd) = at_and_ucmd!();
+    const FILE: &str = "file-no-perm-1";
+
+    use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
+    let file = std::fs::OpenOptions::new()
+        .create(true)
+        .write(true)
+        .open(at.plus(FILE))
+        .unwrap();
+    file.set_permissions(std::fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o222))
+        .unwrap();
+    let result = ucmd.arg("--file").arg(FILE).fails();
+    result.no_stdout();
+    assert_eq!(
+        result.stderr_str().trim(),
+        format!("date: {FILE}: Permission denied")
+    );
+}
+
 fn test_date_for_dir_as_file() {
     let result = new_ucmd!().arg("--file").arg("/").fails();
     result.no_stdout();
diff --git a/tests/by-util/test_dd.rs b/tests/by-util/test_dd.rs
index ecf4f7f4a..b43f32c24 100644
--- a/tests/by-util/test_dd.rs
+++ b/tests/by-util/test_dd.rs
@@ -1536,3 +1536,29 @@ fn test_multiple_processes_reading_stdin() {
         .succeeds()
         .stdout_only("def\n");
 }
+
+/// Test that discarding system file cache fails for stdin.
+#[test]
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+fn test_nocache_stdin_error() {
+    #[cfg(not(target_env = "musl"))]
+    let detail = "Illegal seek";
+    #[cfg(target_env = "musl")]
+    let detail = "Invalid seek";
+    new_ucmd!()
+        .args(&["iflag=nocache", "count=0", "status=noxfer"])
+        .fails()
+        .code_is(1)
+        .stderr_only(format!("dd: failed to discard cache for: 'standard input': {detail}\n0+0 records in\n0+0 records out\n"));
+}
+
+/// Test for discarding system file cache.
+#[test]
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+fn test_nocache_file() {
+    let (at, mut ucmd) = at_and_ucmd!();
+    at.write_bytes("f", b"a".repeat(1 << 20).as_slice());
+    ucmd.args(&["if=f", "of=/dev/null", "iflag=nocache", "status=noxfer"])
+        .succeeds()
+        .stderr_only("2048+0 records in\n2048+0 records out\n");
+}
diff --git a/tests/by-util/test_ls.rs b/tests/by-util/test_ls.rs
index 84efb9daa..45ced867a 100644
--- a/tests/by-util/test_ls.rs
+++ b/tests/by-util/test_ls.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ use crate::common::util::TestScenario;
 use nix::unistd::{close, dup};
 use regex::Regex;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+use std::ffi::OsStr;
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;
 #[cfg(all(unix, feature = "chmod"))]
 use std::os::unix::io::IntoRawFd;
 use std::path::Path;
@@ -1239,7 +1243,7 @@ fn test_ls_long_total_size() {
             ("long_si", "total 8.2k"),
         ]
         .iter()
-        .cloned()
+        .copied()
         .collect()
     } else {
         [
@@ -1248,7 +1252,7 @@ fn test_ls_long_total_size() {
             ("long_si", "total 2"),
         ]
         .iter()
-        .cloned()
+        .copied()
         .collect()
     };
 
@@ -3393,3 +3397,54 @@ fn test_tabsize_formatting() {
         .succeeds()
         .stdout_is("aaaaaaaa bbbb\ncccc     dddddddd");
 }
+
+#[cfg(any(
+    target_os = "linux",
+    target_os = "macos",
+    target_os = "ios",
+    target_os = "freebsd",
+    target_os = "dragonfly",
+    target_os = "netbsd",
+    target_os = "openbsd",
+    target_os = "illumos",
+    target_os = "solaris"
+))]
+#[test]
+fn test_device_number() {
+    use std::fs::{metadata, read_dir};
+    use std::os::unix::fs::{FileTypeExt, MetadataExt};
+    use uucore::libc::{dev_t, major, minor};
+
+    let dev_dir = read_dir("/dev").unwrap();
+    // let's use the first device for test
+    let blk_dev = dev_dir
+        .map(|res_entry| res_entry.unwrap())
+        .find(|entry| {
+            entry.file_type().unwrap().is_block_device()
+                || entry.file_type().unwrap().is_char_device()
+        })
+        .expect("Expect a block/char device");
+    let blk_dev_path = blk_dev.path();
+    let blk_dev_meta = metadata(blk_dev_path.as_path()).unwrap();
+    let blk_dev_number = blk_dev_meta.rdev() as dev_t;
+    let (major, minor) = unsafe { (major(blk_dev_number), minor(blk_dev_number)) };
+    let major_minor_str = format!("{}, {}", major, minor);
+
+    let scene = TestScenario::new(util_name!());
+    scene
+        .ucmd()
+        .arg("-l")
+        .arg(blk_dev_path.to_str().expect("should be UTF-8 encoded"))
+        .succeeds()
+        .stdout_contains(major_minor_str);
+}
+
+#[test]
+#[cfg(target_os = "linux")]
+fn test_invalid_utf8() {
+    let (at, mut ucmd) = at_and_ucmd!();
+
+    let filename = OsStr::from_bytes(b"-\xE0-foo");
+    at.touch(filename);
+    ucmd.succeeds();
+}
diff --git a/tests/by-util/test_pwd.rs b/tests/by-util/test_pwd.rs
index 5719e87d2..076e72089 100644
--- a/tests/by-util/test_pwd.rs
+++ b/tests/by-util/test_pwd.rs
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ fn test_deleted_dir() {
     use std::process::Command;
 
     let ts = TestScenario::new(util_name!());
-    let at = ts.fixtures.clone();
+    let at = ts.fixtures;
     let output = Command::new("sh")
         .arg("-c")
         .arg(format!(
diff --git a/tests/by-util/test_tee.rs b/tests/by-util/test_tee.rs
index 946c60d0a..51d552d67 100644
--- a/tests/by-util/test_tee.rs
+++ b/tests/by-util/test_tee.rs
@@ -118,9 +118,10 @@ mod linux_only {
         use std::os::unix::io::FromRawFd;
 
         let mut fds: [c_int; 2] = [0, 0];
-        if unsafe { libc::pipe(&mut fds as *mut c_int) } != 0 {
-            panic!("Failed to create pipe");
-        }
+        assert!(
+            (unsafe { libc::pipe(&mut fds as *mut c_int) } == 0),
+            "Failed to create pipe"
+        );
 
         // Drop the read end of the pipe
         let _ = unsafe { File::from_raw_fd(fds[0]) };
diff --git a/tests/by-util/test_yes.rs b/tests/by-util/test_yes.rs
index 9f03780b7..89a68e7e1 100644
--- a/tests/by-util/test_yes.rs
+++ b/tests/by-util/test_yes.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use std::ffi::OsStr;
 use std::process::{ExitStatus, Stdio};
 
 #[cfg(unix)]
@@ -6,24 +7,26 @@ use std::os::unix::process::ExitStatusExt;
 use crate::common::util::TestScenario;
 
 #[cfg(unix)]
-fn check_termination(result: &ExitStatus) {
+fn check_termination(result: ExitStatus) {
     assert_eq!(result.signal(), Some(libc::SIGPIPE));
 }
 
 #[cfg(not(unix))]
-fn check_termination(result: &ExitStatus) {
+fn check_termination(result: ExitStatus) {
     assert!(result.success(), "yes did not exit successfully");
 }
 
+const NO_ARGS: &[&str] = &[];
+
 /// Run `yes`, capture some of the output, close the pipe, and verify it.
-fn run(args: &[&str], expected: &[u8]) {
+fn run(args: &[impl AsRef<OsStr>], expected: &[u8]) {
     let mut cmd = new_ucmd!();
     let mut child = cmd.args(args).set_stdout(Stdio::piped()).run_no_wait();
     let buf = child.stdout_exact_bytes(expected.len());
     child.close_stdout();
 
     #[allow(deprecated)]
-    check_termination(&child.wait_with_output().unwrap().status);
+    check_termination(child.wait_with_output().unwrap().status);
     assert_eq!(buf.as_slice(), expected);
 }
 
@@ -34,7 +37,7 @@ fn test_invalid_arg() {
 
 #[test]
 fn test_simple() {
-    run(&[], b"y\ny\ny\ny\n");
+    run(NO_ARGS, b"y\ny\ny\ny\n");
 }
 
 #[test]
@@ -44,7 +47,7 @@ fn test_args() {
 
 #[test]
 fn test_long_output() {
-    run(&[], "y\n".repeat(512 * 1024).as_bytes());
+    run(NO_ARGS, "y\n".repeat(512 * 1024).as_bytes());
 }
 
 /// Test with an output that seems likely to get mangled in case of incomplete writes.
@@ -88,3 +91,20 @@ fn test_piped_to_dev_full() {
         }
     }
 }
+
+#[test]
+#[cfg(any(unix, target_os = "wasi"))]
+fn test_non_utf8() {
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    use std::os::unix::ffi::OsStrExt;
+    #[cfg(target_os = "wasi")]
+    use std::os::wasi::ffi::OsStrExt;
+
+    run(
+        &[
+            OsStr::from_bytes(b"\xbf\xff\xee"),
+            OsStr::from_bytes(b"bar"),
+        ],
+        &b"\xbf\xff\xee bar\n".repeat(5000),
+    );
+}
diff --git a/tests/common/util.rs b/tests/common/util.rs
index 5d72a7abf..0898a4ad7 100644
--- a/tests/common/util.rs
+++ b/tests/common/util.rs
@@ -2016,7 +2016,7 @@ impl UChild {
 
     /// Read, consume and return the output as [`String`] from [`Child`]'s stdout.
     ///
-    /// See also [`UChild::stdout_bytes] for side effects.
+    /// See also [`UChild::stdout_bytes`] for side effects.
     pub fn stdout(&mut self) -> String {
         String::from_utf8(self.stdout_bytes()).unwrap()
     }
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/blake2b_multiple_files.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/blake2b_multiple_files.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..97d06eb6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/blake2b_multiple_files.expected
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+BLAKE2b (lorem_ipsum.txt) = 0e97a09189e560c3789c0bff1f020166861ef857d1fbfe4574de1842e3c06cabb9575e4af6309a166158c2b408d3c038c1b49d828b35158142cdc0396d1195c3
+BLAKE2b (alice_in_wonderland.txt) = 91b8b0f0868e905ad18b8ac35e4a1dacd289857b19258ab5d1e071761af758b0134ec152d4f011fe1825ca889c80c2e072ca70eb50548c25fc49a98937515af4
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/blake2b_single_file.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/blake2b_single_file.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..64ede7ca0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/blake2b_single_file.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+BLAKE2b (lorem_ipsum.txt) = 0e97a09189e560c3789c0bff1f020166861ef857d1fbfe4574de1842e3c06cabb9575e4af6309a166158c2b408d3c038c1b49d828b35158142cdc0396d1195c3
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/blake2b_stdin.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/blake2b_stdin.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..15c34ea77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/blake2b_stdin.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+BLAKE2b (-) = 0e97a09189e560c3789c0bff1f020166861ef857d1fbfe4574de1842e3c06cabb9575e4af6309a166158c2b408d3c038c1b49d828b35158142cdc0396d1195c3
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/multiple_files.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/crc_multiple_files.expected
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/fixtures/cksum/multiple_files.expected
rename to tests/fixtures/cksum/crc_multiple_files.expected
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/single_file.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/crc_single_file.expected
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/fixtures/cksum/single_file.expected
rename to tests/fixtures/cksum/crc_single_file.expected
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/stdin.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/crc_stdin.expected
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/fixtures/cksum/stdin.expected
rename to tests/fixtures/cksum/crc_stdin.expected
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/md5_multiple_files.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/md5_multiple_files.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..54023e761
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/md5_multiple_files.expected
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+MD5 (lorem_ipsum.txt) = cd724690f7dc61775dfac400a71f2caa
+MD5 (alice_in_wonderland.txt) = f6fa7033e16166a9589aa1c0388ffd58
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/md5_single_file.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/md5_single_file.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5975053d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/md5_single_file.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+MD5 (lorem_ipsum.txt) = cd724690f7dc61775dfac400a71f2caa
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/md5_stdin.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/md5_stdin.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b3b1090bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/md5_stdin.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+MD5 (-) = cd724690f7dc61775dfac400a71f2caa
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha1_multiple_files.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha1_multiple_files.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f20ea9471
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha1_multiple_files.expected
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+SHA1 (lorem_ipsum.txt) = ab1dd0bae1d8883a3d18a66de6afbd28252cfbef
+SHA1 (alice_in_wonderland.txt) = 22b54b2520e8b4fa59eb10719028a4e587c12d1e
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha1_single_file.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha1_single_file.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1b820559f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha1_single_file.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+SHA1 (lorem_ipsum.txt) = ab1dd0bae1d8883a3d18a66de6afbd28252cfbef
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha1_stdin.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha1_stdin.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ced9ce80d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha1_stdin.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+SHA1 (-) = ab1dd0bae1d8883a3d18a66de6afbd28252cfbef
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha224_multiple_files.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha224_multiple_files.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0d6b45b10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha224_multiple_files.expected
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+SHA224 (lorem_ipsum.txt) = 3de66fbcad106e1b40ab391be56c51d2007eb1f9c655d0f4e29bfc01
+SHA224 (alice_in_wonderland.txt) = 54c9c7d78458886418ce0845111fc49fe1c628ffd4bf3da14226ffd9
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha224_single_file.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha224_single_file.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a08d66bb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha224_single_file.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+SHA224 (lorem_ipsum.txt) = 3de66fbcad106e1b40ab391be56c51d2007eb1f9c655d0f4e29bfc01
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha224_stdin.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha224_stdin.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1bd138698
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha224_stdin.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+SHA224 (-) = 3de66fbcad106e1b40ab391be56c51d2007eb1f9c655d0f4e29bfc01
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha256_multiple_files.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha256_multiple_files.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e6fd8beb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha256_multiple_files.expected
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+SHA256 (lorem_ipsum.txt) = f7c420501c50e00b309250100d67ea5e910981536b4582fe9c435bd92b3f1f02
+SHA256 (alice_in_wonderland.txt) = 14ab7e5a0aa3a670222744714bc96961d51012cb216225d965db71824a46e5fe
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha256_single_file.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha256_single_file.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e16abcb0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha256_single_file.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+SHA256 (lorem_ipsum.txt) = f7c420501c50e00b309250100d67ea5e910981536b4582fe9c435bd92b3f1f02
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha256_stdin.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha256_stdin.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..87bd84195
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha256_stdin.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+SHA256 (-) = f7c420501c50e00b309250100d67ea5e910981536b4582fe9c435bd92b3f1f02
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha384_multiple_files.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha384_multiple_files.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a5a3324a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha384_multiple_files.expected
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+SHA384 (lorem_ipsum.txt) = 4be4b90a0d0d32966992921019f24abc824dcfb8b1c408102f1f6788fb80ba9a9a4c5a7b575a3353a90a8ee719481dcb
+SHA384 (alice_in_wonderland.txt) = b7966c97ef84ab5858db2e0cdd33fbaf4fa8346d84de65aba001e738c242598a43272854d0073ad1099404eaa1d93766
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha384_single_file.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha384_single_file.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8d673e60b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha384_single_file.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+SHA384 (lorem_ipsum.txt) = 4be4b90a0d0d32966992921019f24abc824dcfb8b1c408102f1f6788fb80ba9a9a4c5a7b575a3353a90a8ee719481dcb
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha384_stdin.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha384_stdin.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c0d5c818
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha384_stdin.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+SHA384 (-) = 4be4b90a0d0d32966992921019f24abc824dcfb8b1c408102f1f6788fb80ba9a9a4c5a7b575a3353a90a8ee719481dcb
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha512_multiple_files.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha512_multiple_files.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0f533b27c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha512_multiple_files.expected
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+SHA512 (lorem_ipsum.txt) = 965464ab2556aad58ebc73d89ad221e559797529ecafc0f466c11795cff6d6e2c60f96a07c542cfd1f426e5e4fe0a48aa15667ba44096b213d0813cd038dfa05
+SHA512 (alice_in_wonderland.txt) = 251646d5a7eb481e0f3aced7839d78dd5e97153f822dc55938e17059c485990d85d602e2881b528b565ab6262584a69c97b068b26bda81acc9356c53c7c1c96d
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha512_single_file.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha512_single_file.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e9a02c96a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha512_single_file.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+SHA512 (lorem_ipsum.txt) = 965464ab2556aad58ebc73d89ad221e559797529ecafc0f466c11795cff6d6e2c60f96a07c542cfd1f426e5e4fe0a48aa15667ba44096b213d0813cd038dfa05
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha512_stdin.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha512_stdin.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8321c4cc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sha512_stdin.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+SHA512 (-) = 965464ab2556aad58ebc73d89ad221e559797529ecafc0f466c11795cff6d6e2c60f96a07c542cfd1f426e5e4fe0a48aa15667ba44096b213d0813cd038dfa05
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/sm3_multiple_files.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sm3_multiple_files.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eae2cde2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sm3_multiple_files.expected
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+SM3 (lorem_ipsum.txt) = 6d296b805d060bfed22808df308dbb9b4317794dd4ed6740a10770a782699bc2
+SM3 (alice_in_wonderland.txt) = d66617ae3c4e87828298dcd836f79efbab488c53b84e09c3e8e83a16c902418d
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/sm3_single_file.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sm3_single_file.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cf4b8304a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sm3_single_file.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+SM3 (lorem_ipsum.txt) = 6d296b805d060bfed22808df308dbb9b4317794dd4ed6740a10770a782699bc2
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/sm3_stdin.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sm3_stdin.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..436fcfb41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/sm3_stdin.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+SM3 (-) = 6d296b805d060bfed22808df308dbb9b4317794dd4ed6740a10770a782699bc2
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/blake2b_multiple_files.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/blake2b_multiple_files.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7c68c8573
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/blake2b_multiple_files.expected
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+0e97a09189e560c3789c0bff1f020166861ef857d1fbfe4574de1842e3c06cabb9575e4af6309a166158c2b408d3c038c1b49d828b35158142cdc0396d1195c3  lorem_ipsum.txt
+91b8b0f0868e905ad18b8ac35e4a1dacd289857b19258ab5d1e071761af758b0134ec152d4f011fe1825ca889c80c2e072ca70eb50548c25fc49a98937515af4  alice_in_wonderland.txt
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/blake2b_single_file.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/blake2b_single_file.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1f5444c87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/blake2b_single_file.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+0e97a09189e560c3789c0bff1f020166861ef857d1fbfe4574de1842e3c06cabb9575e4af6309a166158c2b408d3c038c1b49d828b35158142cdc0396d1195c3  lorem_ipsum.txt
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/blake2b_stdin.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/blake2b_stdin.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0892bff36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/blake2b_stdin.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+0e97a09189e560c3789c0bff1f020166861ef857d1fbfe4574de1842e3c06cabb9575e4af6309a166158c2b408d3c038c1b49d828b35158142cdc0396d1195c3  -
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/bsd_multiple_files.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/bsd_multiple_files.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..941a2a512
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/bsd_multiple_files.expected
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+08109     1 lorem_ipsum.txt
+01814     1 alice_in_wonderland.txt
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/bsd_single_file.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/bsd_single_file.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..293ada3bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/bsd_single_file.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+08109     1 lorem_ipsum.txt
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/bsd_stdin.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/bsd_stdin.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4843ba082
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/bsd_stdin.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+08109     1
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/crc_multiple_files.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/crc_multiple_files.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d7a4f5b4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/crc_multiple_files.expected
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+378294376 772 lorem_ipsum.txt
+3805907707 302 alice_in_wonderland.txt
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/crc_single_file.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/crc_single_file.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e9fc1ca7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/crc_single_file.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+378294376 772 lorem_ipsum.txt
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/crc_stdin.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/crc_stdin.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..28b37d0be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/crc_stdin.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+378294376 772
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/md5_multiple_files.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/md5_multiple_files.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4b63cbff7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/md5_multiple_files.expected
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+cd724690f7dc61775dfac400a71f2caa  lorem_ipsum.txt
+f6fa7033e16166a9589aa1c0388ffd58  alice_in_wonderland.txt
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/md5_single_file.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/md5_single_file.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ca9eb6785
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/md5_single_file.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+cd724690f7dc61775dfac400a71f2caa  lorem_ipsum.txt
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/md5_stdin.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/md5_stdin.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f4094dcc7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/md5_stdin.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+cd724690f7dc61775dfac400a71f2caa  -
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha1_multiple_files.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha1_multiple_files.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1712c7409
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha1_multiple_files.expected
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+ab1dd0bae1d8883a3d18a66de6afbd28252cfbef  lorem_ipsum.txt
+22b54b2520e8b4fa59eb10719028a4e587c12d1e  alice_in_wonderland.txt
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha1_single_file.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha1_single_file.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c8e8ddca6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha1_single_file.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ab1dd0bae1d8883a3d18a66de6afbd28252cfbef  lorem_ipsum.txt
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha1_stdin.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha1_stdin.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2396ed481
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha1_stdin.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ab1dd0bae1d8883a3d18a66de6afbd28252cfbef  -
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha224_multiple_files.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha224_multiple_files.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3eb2b500a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha224_multiple_files.expected
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+3de66fbcad106e1b40ab391be56c51d2007eb1f9c655d0f4e29bfc01  lorem_ipsum.txt
+54c9c7d78458886418ce0845111fc49fe1c628ffd4bf3da14226ffd9  alice_in_wonderland.txt
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha224_single_file.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha224_single_file.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c5ab1f7d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha224_single_file.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+3de66fbcad106e1b40ab391be56c51d2007eb1f9c655d0f4e29bfc01  lorem_ipsum.txt
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha224_stdin.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha224_stdin.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..691e451b3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha224_stdin.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+3de66fbcad106e1b40ab391be56c51d2007eb1f9c655d0f4e29bfc01  -
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha256_multiple_files.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha256_multiple_files.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a57fa2eaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha256_multiple_files.expected
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+f7c420501c50e00b309250100d67ea5e910981536b4582fe9c435bd92b3f1f02  lorem_ipsum.txt
+14ab7e5a0aa3a670222744714bc96961d51012cb216225d965db71824a46e5fe  alice_in_wonderland.txt
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha256_single_file.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha256_single_file.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1b1be9516
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha256_single_file.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+f7c420501c50e00b309250100d67ea5e910981536b4582fe9c435bd92b3f1f02  lorem_ipsum.txt
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha256_stdin.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha256_stdin.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..998db6c66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha256_stdin.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+f7c420501c50e00b309250100d67ea5e910981536b4582fe9c435bd92b3f1f02  -
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha384_multiple_files.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha384_multiple_files.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d309034b4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha384_multiple_files.expected
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+4be4b90a0d0d32966992921019f24abc824dcfb8b1c408102f1f6788fb80ba9a9a4c5a7b575a3353a90a8ee719481dcb  lorem_ipsum.txt
+b7966c97ef84ab5858db2e0cdd33fbaf4fa8346d84de65aba001e738c242598a43272854d0073ad1099404eaa1d93766  alice_in_wonderland.txt
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha384_single_file.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha384_single_file.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..88d4da577
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha384_single_file.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+4be4b90a0d0d32966992921019f24abc824dcfb8b1c408102f1f6788fb80ba9a9a4c5a7b575a3353a90a8ee719481dcb  lorem_ipsum.txt
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha384_stdin.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha384_stdin.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..cde20b78b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha384_stdin.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+4be4b90a0d0d32966992921019f24abc824dcfb8b1c408102f1f6788fb80ba9a9a4c5a7b575a3353a90a8ee719481dcb  -
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha512_multiple_files.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha512_multiple_files.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a5dafa7c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha512_multiple_files.expected
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+965464ab2556aad58ebc73d89ad221e559797529ecafc0f466c11795cff6d6e2c60f96a07c542cfd1f426e5e4fe0a48aa15667ba44096b213d0813cd038dfa05  lorem_ipsum.txt
+251646d5a7eb481e0f3aced7839d78dd5e97153f822dc55938e17059c485990d85d602e2881b528b565ab6262584a69c97b068b26bda81acc9356c53c7c1c96d  alice_in_wonderland.txt
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha512_single_file.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha512_single_file.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..adea498d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha512_single_file.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+965464ab2556aad58ebc73d89ad221e559797529ecafc0f466c11795cff6d6e2c60f96a07c542cfd1f426e5e4fe0a48aa15667ba44096b213d0813cd038dfa05  lorem_ipsum.txt
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha512_stdin.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha512_stdin.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dd9c96843
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sha512_stdin.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+965464ab2556aad58ebc73d89ad221e559797529ecafc0f466c11795cff6d6e2c60f96a07c542cfd1f426e5e4fe0a48aa15667ba44096b213d0813cd038dfa05  -
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sm3_multiple_files.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sm3_multiple_files.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..de12ab0b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sm3_multiple_files.expected
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+6d296b805d060bfed22808df308dbb9b4317794dd4ed6740a10770a782699bc2  lorem_ipsum.txt
+d66617ae3c4e87828298dcd836f79efbab488c53b84e09c3e8e83a16c902418d  alice_in_wonderland.txt
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sm3_single_file.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sm3_single_file.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..54d5f40d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sm3_single_file.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+6d296b805d060bfed22808df308dbb9b4317794dd4ed6740a10770a782699bc2  lorem_ipsum.txt
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sm3_stdin.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sm3_stdin.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6ba002b45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sm3_stdin.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+6d296b805d060bfed22808df308dbb9b4317794dd4ed6740a10770a782699bc2  -
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sysv_multiple_files.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sysv_multiple_files.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..83a6d6d83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sysv_multiple_files.expected
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+6985 2 lorem_ipsum.txt
+27441 1 alice_in_wonderland.txt
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sysv_single_file.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sysv_single_file.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e0f7252cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sysv_single_file.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+6985 2 lorem_ipsum.txt
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sysv_stdin.expected b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sysv_stdin.expected
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f0fba8c81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/cksum/untagged/sysv_stdin.expected
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+6985 2
diff --git a/util/remaining-gnu-error.py b/util/remaining-gnu-error.py
index eda37094d..5fd47300a 100755
--- a/util/remaining-gnu-error.py
+++ b/util/remaining-gnu-error.py
@@ -19,7 +19,8 @@ urllib.request.urlretrieve(
 types = ("/*/*.sh", "/*/*.pl", "/*/*.xpl")
 
 tests = []
-error_or_skip_tests = []
+error_tests = []
+skip_tests = []
 
 for files in types:
     tests.extend(glob.glob(base + files))
@@ -58,14 +59,23 @@ for d in data:
                 print("Could not find test '%s'. Maybe update the GNU repo?" % a)
                 sys.exit(1)
 
-        # if it is SKIP or ERROR, show it
-        if data[d][e] in ("SKIP", "ERROR"):
+        # if it is SKIP, show it
+        if data[d][e] == "SKIP":
             list_of_files.remove(a)
-            error_or_skip_tests.append(a)
+            skip_tests.append(a)
 
+        # if it is ERROR, show it
+        if data[d][e] == "ERROR":
+            list_of_files.remove(a)
+            error_tests.append(a)
 
-print("SKIP and ERROR tests:")
-show_list(error_or_skip_tests)
+print("===============")
+print("SKIP tests:")
+show_list(skip_tests)
+print("")
+print("===============")
+print("ERROR tests:")
+show_list(error_tests)
 print("")
 print("===============")
 print("FAIL tests:")
diff --git a/util/why-skip.txt b/util/why-skip.txt
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c790311c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/why-skip.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+# spell-checker:ignore epipe readdir restorecon SIGALRM capget bigtime rootfs enotsup
+
+= trapping SIGPIPE is not supported =
+tests/tail-2/pipe-f.sh
+tests/misc/seq-epipe.sh
+tests/misc/printf-surprise.sh
+tests/misc/env-signal-handler.sh
+
+= skipped test: breakpoint not hit =
+tests/tail-2/inotify-race2.sh
+tail-2/inotify-race.sh
+
+= internal test failure: maybe LD_PRELOAD doesn't work? =
+tests/rm/rm-readdir-fail.sh
+tests/rm/r-root.sh
+tests/df/skip-duplicates.sh
+tests/df/no-mtab-status.sh
+
+= LD_PRELOAD was ineffective? =
+tests/cp/nfs-removal-race.sh
+
+= failed to create hfs file system =
+tests/mv/hardlink-case.sh
+
+= temporarily disabled =
+tests/mkdir/writable-under-readonly.sh
+
+= this system lacks SMACK support =
+tests/mkdir/smack-root.sh
+tests/mkdir/smack-no-root.sh
+tests/id/smack.sh
+
+= this system lacks SELinux support =
+tests/mkdir/selinux.sh
+tests/mkdir/restorecon.sh
+tests/misc/selinux.sh
+tests/misc/chcon.sh
+tests/install/install-Z-selinux.sh
+tests/install/install-C-selinux.sh
+tests/id/no-context.sh
+tests/id/context.sh
+tests/cp/no-ctx.sh
+tests/cp/cp-a-selinux.sh
+
+= failed to set xattr of file =
+tests/misc/xattr.sh
+
+= timeout returned 142. SIGALRM not handled? =
+tests/misc/timeout-group.sh
+
+= FULL_PARTITION_TMPDIR not defined =
+tests/misc/tac-continue.sh
+
+= can't get window size =
+tests/misc/stty-row-col.sh
+
+= The Swedish locale with blank thousands separator is unavailable. =
+tests/misc/sort-h-thousands-sep.sh
+
+= this shell lacks ulimit support =
+tests/misc/csplit-heap.sh
+
+= multicall binary is disabled =
+tests/misc/coreutils.sh
+
+= your ls doesn't call capget =
+tests/ls/no-cap.sh
+
+
+= not running on GNU/Hurd =
+tests/id/gnu-zero-uids.sh
+
+= file system cannot represent big timestamps =
+tests/du/bigtime.sh
+
+= no rootfs in mtab =
+tests/df/skip-rootfs.sh
+
+= insufficient mount/ext2 support =
+tests/df/problematic-chars.sh
+tests/cp/cp-mv-enotsup-xattr.sh
+
+= 512 byte aligned O_DIRECT is not supported on this (file) system =
+tests/dd/direct.sh
+
+= skipped test: /usr/bin/touch -m -d '1998-01-15 23:00' didn't work =
+tests/misc/ls-time.sh
+
+= requires controlling input terminal =
+tests/misc/stty-pairs.sh
+tests/misc/stty.sh
+tests/misc/stty-invalid.sh
+
+= insufficient SEEK_DATA support =
+tests/cp/sparse-perf.sh
+tests/cp/sparse-extents.sh
+tests/cp/sparse-extents-2.sh
+tests/cp/sparse-2.sh