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Introducing DEVELOPMENT.md (#5209)

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CONTRIBUTING.md
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@ -38,205 +38,15 @@ CI. However, you can use `#[cfg(...)]` attributes to create platform dependent f
VirtualBox and Parallels) for development:
<https://developer.microsoft.com/windows/downloads/virtual-machines/>
## Tools
## Setting up your development environment
We have an extensive CI that will check your code before it can be merged. This
section explains how to run those checks locally to avoid waiting for the CI.
To setup your local development environment for this project please follow [DEVELOPMENT.md guide](DEVELOPMENT.md)
### pre-commit hooks
It covers [installation of necessary tools and prerequisites](DEVELOPMENT.md#tools) as well as using those tools to [test your code changes locally](DEVELOPMENT.md#testing)
A configuration for `pre-commit` is provided in the repository. It allows
automatically checking every git commit you make to ensure it compiles, and
passes `clippy` and `rustfmt` without warnings.
## Improving the GNU compatibility
To use the provided hook:
1. [Install `pre-commit`](https://pre-commit.com/#install)
1. Run `pre-commit install` while in the repository directory
Your git commits will then automatically be checked. If a check fails, an error
message will explain why, and your commit will be canceled. You can then make
the suggested changes, and run `git commit ...` again.
### clippy
```shell
cargo clippy --all-targets --all-features
```
The `msrv` key in the clippy configuration file `clippy.toml` is used to disable
lints pertaining to newer features by specifying the minimum supported Rust
version (MSRV).
### rustfmt
```shell
cargo fmt --all
```
### cargo-deny
This project uses [cargo-deny](https://github.com/EmbarkStudios/cargo-deny/) to
detect duplicate dependencies, checks licenses, etc. To run it locally, first
install it and then run with:
```
cargo deny --all-features check all
```
### Markdown linter
We use [markdownlint](https://github.com/DavidAnson/markdownlint) to lint the
Markdown files in the repository.
### Spell checker
We use `cspell` as spell checker for all files in the project. If you are using
VS Code, you can install the
[code spell checker](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=streetsidesoftware.code-spell-checker)
extension to enable spell checking within your editor. Otherwise, you can
install [cspell](https://cspell.org/) separately.
If you want to make the spell checker ignore a word, you can add
```rust
// spell-checker:ignore word_to_ignore
```
at the top of the file.
## Testing
Testing can be done using either Cargo or `make`.
### Testing with Cargo
Just like with building, we follow the standard procedure for testing using
Cargo:
```shell
cargo test
```
By default, `cargo test` only runs the common programs. To run also platform
specific tests, run:
```shell
cargo test --features unix
```
If you would prefer to test a select few utilities:
```shell
cargo test --features "chmod mv tail" --no-default-features
```
If you also want to test the core utilities:
```shell
cargo test -p uucore -p coreutils
```
Or to test the pure Rust tests in the utility itself:
```shell
cargo test -p uu_ls --lib
```
Running the complete test suite might take a while. We use [nextest](https://nexte.st/index.html) in
the CI and you might want to try it out locally. It can speed up the execution time of the whole
test run significantly if the cpu has multiple cores.
```shell
cargo nextest run --features unix --no-fail-fast
```
To debug:
```shell
gdb --args target/debug/coreutils ls
(gdb) b ls.rs:79
(gdb) run
```
### Testing with GNU Make
To simply test all available utilities:
```shell
make test
```
To test all but a few of the available utilities:
```shell
make SKIP_UTILS='UTILITY_1 UTILITY_2' test
```
To test only a few of the available utilities:
```shell
make UTILS='UTILITY_1 UTILITY_2' test
```
To include tests for unimplemented behavior:
```shell
make UTILS='UTILITY_1 UTILITY_2' SPEC=y test
```
To run tests with `nextest` just use the nextest target. Note you'll need to
[install](https://nexte.st/book/installation.html) `nextest` first. The `nextest` target accepts the
same arguments like the default `test` target, so it's possible to pass arguments to `nextest run`
via `CARGOFLAGS`:
```shell
make CARGOFLAGS='--no-fail-fast' UTILS='UTILITY_1 UTILITY_2' nextest
```
### Run Busybox Tests
This testing functionality is only available on *nix operating systems and
requires `make`.
To run busybox tests for all utilities for which busybox has tests
```shell
make busytest
```
To run busybox tests for a few of the available utilities
```shell
make UTILS='UTILITY_1 UTILITY_2' busytest
```
To pass an argument like "-v" to the busybox test runtime
```shell
make UTILS='UTILITY_1 UTILITY_2' RUNTEST_ARGS='-v' busytest
```
### Comparing with GNU
To run uutils against the GNU test suite locally, run the following commands:
```shell
bash util/build-gnu.sh
# Build uutils without release optimizations
UU_MAKE_PROFILE=debug bash util/build-gnu.sh
bash util/run-gnu-test.sh
# To run a single test:
bash util/run-gnu-test.sh tests/touch/not-owner.sh # for example
# To run several tests:
bash util/run-gnu-test.sh tests/touch/not-owner.sh tests/rm/no-give-up.sh # for example
# If this is a perl (.pl) test, to run in debug:
DEBUG=1 bash util/run-gnu-test.sh tests/misc/sm3sum.pl
```
Note that it relies on individual utilities (not the multicall binary).
### Improving the GNU compatibility
Please make sure you have installed [GNU utils and prerequisites](DEVELOPMENT.md#gnu-utils-and-prerequisites) and can execute commands described in [Comparing with GNU](DEVELOPMENT.md#comparing-with-gnu) section of [DEVELOPMENT.md](DEVELOPMENT.md)
The Python script `./util/remaining-gnu-error.py` shows the list of failing
tests in the CI.
@ -326,30 +136,7 @@ gitignore: add temporary files
## Code coverage
<!-- spell-checker:ignore (flags) Ccodegen Coverflow Cpanic Zinstrument Zpanic -->
Code coverage report can be generated using [grcov](https://github.com/mozilla/grcov).
### Using Nightly Rust
To generate [gcov-based](https://github.com/mozilla/grcov#example-how-to-generate-gcda-files-for-a-rust-project) coverage report
```shell
export CARGO_INCREMENTAL=0
export RUSTFLAGS="-Zprofile -Ccodegen-units=1 -Copt-level=0 -Clink-dead-code -Coverflow-checks=off -Zpanic_abort_tests -Cpanic=abort"
export RUSTDOCFLAGS="-Cpanic=abort"
cargo build <options...> # e.g., --features feat_os_unix
cargo test <options...> # e.g., --features feat_os_unix test_pathchk
grcov . -s . --binary-path ./target/debug/ -t html --branch --ignore-not-existing --ignore build.rs --excl-br-line "^\s*((debug_)?assert(_eq|_ne)?\#\[derive\()" -o ./target/debug/coverage/
# open target/debug/coverage/index.html in browser
```
if changes are not reflected in the report then run `cargo clean` and run the above commands.
### Using Stable Rust
If you are using stable version of Rust that doesn't enable code coverage instrumentation by default
then add `-Z-Zinstrument-coverage` flag to `RUSTFLAGS` env variable specified above.
To generate code coverage report locally please follow [Code coverage report](DEVELOPMENT.md#code-coverage-report) section of [DEVELOPMENT.md](DEVELOPMENT.md)
## Other implementations