serenity/Kernel/Graphics/VirtIOGPU/FrameBufferDevice.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2021, Sahan Fernando <sahan.h.fernando@gmail.com>
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
 */

#include <Kernel/Graphics/GraphicsManagement.h>
#include <Kernel/Graphics/VirtIOGPU/FrameBufferDevice.h>
#include <LibC/sys/ioctl_numbers.h>

namespace Kernel::Graphics::VirtIOGPU {

FrameBufferDevice::FrameBufferDevice(GPU& virtio_gpu, ScanoutID scanout)
    : BlockDevice(29, GraphicsManagement::the().allocate_minor_device_number())
    , m_gpu(virtio_gpu)
    , m_scanout(scanout)
{
    if (display_info().enabled) {
        // FIXME: This should be in a place where we can handle allocation failures.
        auto result = create_framebuffer();
        VERIFY(!result.is_error());
    }
}

FrameBufferDevice::~FrameBufferDevice()
{
}

KResult FrameBufferDevice::create_framebuffer()
{
    // First delete any existing framebuffers to free the memory first
    m_framebuffer = nullptr;
    m_framebuffer_sink_vmobject = nullptr;

    // Allocate frame buffer for both front and back
    auto& info = display_info();
    m_buffer_size = calculate_framebuffer_size(info.rect.width, info.rect.height);
    m_framebuffer = MM.allocate_kernel_region(m_buffer_size * 2, String::formatted("VirtGPU FrameBuffer #{}", m_scanout.value()), Memory::Region::Access::ReadWrite, AllocationStrategy::AllocateNow);
    auto write_sink_page = MM.allocate_user_physical_page(Memory::MemoryManager::ShouldZeroFill::No).release_nonnull();
    auto num_needed_pages = m_framebuffer->vmobject().page_count();

    NonnullRefPtrVector<Memory::PhysicalPage> pages;
    for (auto i = 0u; i < num_needed_pages; ++i) {
        pages.append(write_sink_page);
    }
    auto maybe_framebuffer_sink_vmobject = Memory::AnonymousVMObject::try_create_with_physical_pages(pages.span());
    if (maybe_framebuffer_sink_vmobject.is_error())
        return maybe_framebuffer_sink_vmobject.error();
    m_framebuffer_sink_vmobject = maybe_framebuffer_sink_vmobject.release_value();

    MutexLocker locker(m_gpu.operation_lock());
    m_current_buffer = &buffer_from_index(m_last_set_buffer_index.load());
    create_buffer(m_main_buffer, 0, m_buffer_size);
    create_buffer(m_back_buffer, m_buffer_size, m_buffer_size);

    return KSuccess;
}

void FrameBufferDevice::create_buffer(Buffer& buffer, size_t framebuffer_offset, size_t framebuffer_size)
{
    buffer.framebuffer_offset = framebuffer_offset;
    buffer.framebuffer_data = m_framebuffer->vaddr().as_ptr() + framebuffer_offset;

    auto& info = display_info();

    // 1. Create BUFFER using VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_CREATE_2D
    if (buffer.resource_id.value() != 0)
        m_gpu.delete_resource(buffer.resource_id);
    buffer.resource_id = m_gpu.create_2d_resource(info.rect);

    // 2. Attach backing storage using  VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_ATTACH_BACKING
    m_gpu.ensure_backing_storage(*m_framebuffer, buffer.framebuffer_offset, framebuffer_size, buffer.resource_id);
    // 3. Use VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_SET_SCANOUT to link the framebuffer to a display scanout.
    if (&buffer == m_current_buffer)
        m_gpu.set_scanout_resource(m_scanout.value(), buffer.resource_id, info.rect);
    // 4. Render our test pattern
    draw_ntsc_test_pattern(buffer);
    // 5. Use VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_TRANSFER_TO_HOST_2D to update the host resource from guest memory.
    transfer_framebuffer_data_to_host(info.rect, buffer);
    // 6. Use VIRTIO_GPU_CMD_RESOURCE_FLUSH to flush the updated resource to the display.
    if (&buffer == m_current_buffer)
        flush_displayed_image(info.rect, buffer);

    // Make sure we constrain the existing dirty rect (if any)
    if (buffer.dirty_rect.width != 0 || buffer.dirty_rect.height != 0) {
        auto dirty_right = buffer.dirty_rect.x + buffer.dirty_rect.width;
        auto dirty_bottom = buffer.dirty_rect.y + buffer.dirty_rect.height;
        buffer.dirty_rect.width = min(dirty_right, info.rect.x + info.rect.width) - buffer.dirty_rect.x;
        buffer.dirty_rect.height = min(dirty_bottom, info.rect.y + info.rect.height) - buffer.dirty_rect.y;
    }

    info.enabled = 1;
}

Protocol::DisplayInfoResponse::Display const& FrameBufferDevice::display_info() const
{
    return m_gpu.display_info(m_scanout);
}

Protocol::DisplayInfoResponse::Display& FrameBufferDevice::display_info()
{
    return m_gpu.display_info(m_scanout);
}

void FrameBufferDevice::transfer_framebuffer_data_to_host(Protocol::Rect const& rect, Buffer& buffer)
{
    m_gpu.transfer_framebuffer_data_to_host(m_scanout, rect, buffer.resource_id);
}

void FrameBufferDevice::flush_dirty_window(Protocol::Rect const& dirty_rect, Buffer& buffer)
{
    m_gpu.flush_dirty_rectangle(m_scanout, dirty_rect, buffer.resource_id);
}

void FrameBufferDevice::flush_displayed_image(Protocol::Rect const& dirty_rect, Buffer& buffer)
{
    m_gpu.flush_displayed_image(dirty_rect, buffer.resource_id);
}

bool FrameBufferDevice::try_to_set_resolution(size_t width, size_t height)
{
    if (width > MAX_VIRTIOGPU_RESOLUTION_WIDTH || height > MAX_VIRTIOGPU_RESOLUTION_HEIGHT)
        return false;

    auto& info = display_info();

    MutexLocker locker(m_gpu.operation_lock());

    info.rect = {
        .x = 0,
        .y = 0,
        .width = (u32)width,
        .height = (u32)height,
    };

    // FIXME: Would be nice to be able to return KResultOr here.
    if (auto result = create_framebuffer(); result.is_error())
        return false;
    return true;
}

void FrameBufferDevice::set_buffer(int buffer_index)
{
    auto& buffer = buffer_index == 0 ? m_main_buffer : m_back_buffer;
    MutexLocker locker(m_gpu.operation_lock());
    if (&buffer == m_current_buffer)
        return;
    m_current_buffer = &buffer;
    m_gpu.set_scanout_resource(m_scanout.value(), buffer.resource_id, display_info().rect);
    m_gpu.flush_displayed_image(buffer.dirty_rect, buffer.resource_id); // QEMU SDL backend requires this (as per spec)
    buffer.dirty_rect = {};
}

KResult FrameBufferDevice::ioctl(FileDescription&, unsigned request, Userspace<void*> arg)
{
    REQUIRE_PROMISE(video);
    switch (request) {
    case FB_IOCTL_GET_SIZE_IN_BYTES: {
        auto out = static_ptr_cast<size_t*>(arg);
        size_t value = m_buffer_size * 2;
        if (!copy_to_user(out, &value))
            return EFAULT;
        return KSuccess;
    }
    case FB_IOCTL_SET_RESOLUTION: {
        auto user_resolution = static_ptr_cast<FBResolution*>(arg);
        FBResolution resolution;
        if (!copy_from_user(&resolution, user_resolution))
            return EFAULT;
        if (!try_to_set_resolution(resolution.width, resolution.height))
            return EINVAL;
        resolution.pitch = pitch();
        if (!copy_to_user(user_resolution, &resolution))
            return EFAULT;
        return KSuccess;
    }
    case FB_IOCTL_GET_RESOLUTION: {
        auto user_resolution = static_ptr_cast<FBResolution*>(arg);
        FBResolution resolution {};
        resolution.pitch = pitch();
        resolution.width = width();
        resolution.height = height();
        if (!copy_to_user(user_resolution, &resolution))
            return EFAULT;
        return KSuccess;
    }
    case FB_IOCTL_SET_BUFFER: {
        auto buffer_index = static_cast<int>(arg.ptr());
        if (!is_valid_buffer_index(buffer_index))
            return EINVAL;
        if (m_last_set_buffer_index.exchange(buffer_index) != buffer_index && m_are_writes_active)
            set_buffer(buffer_index);
        return KSuccess;
    }
    case FB_IOCTL_FLUSH_BUFFERS: {
        auto user_flush_rects = static_ptr_cast<FBFlushRects*>(arg);
        FBFlushRects flush_rects;
        if (!copy_from_user(&flush_rects, user_flush_rects))
            return EFAULT;
        if (!is_valid_buffer_index(flush_rects.buffer_index))
            return EINVAL;
        if (Checked<unsigned>::multiplication_would_overflow(flush_rects.count, sizeof(FBRect)))
            return EFAULT;
        if (m_are_writes_active && flush_rects.count > 0) {
            auto& buffer = buffer_from_index(flush_rects.buffer_index);
            MutexLocker locker(m_gpu.operation_lock());
            for (unsigned i = 0; i < flush_rects.count; i++) {
                FBRect user_dirty_rect;
                if (!copy_from_user(&user_dirty_rect, &flush_rects.rects[i]))
                    return EFAULT;
                Protocol::Rect dirty_rect {
                    .x = user_dirty_rect.x,
                    .y = user_dirty_rect.y,
                    .width = user_dirty_rect.width,
                    .height = user_dirty_rect.height
                };
                transfer_framebuffer_data_to_host(dirty_rect, buffer);
                if (&buffer == m_current_buffer) {
                    // Flushing directly to screen
                    flush_displayed_image(dirty_rect, buffer);
                    buffer.dirty_rect = {};
                } else {
                    if (buffer.dirty_rect.width == 0 || buffer.dirty_rect.height == 0) {
                        buffer.dirty_rect = dirty_rect;
                    } else {
                        auto current_dirty_right = buffer.dirty_rect.x + buffer.dirty_rect.width;
                        auto current_dirty_bottom = buffer.dirty_rect.y + buffer.dirty_rect.height;
                        buffer.dirty_rect.x = min(buffer.dirty_rect.x, dirty_rect.x);
                        buffer.dirty_rect.y = min(buffer.dirty_rect.y, dirty_rect.y);
                        buffer.dirty_rect.width = max(current_dirty_right, dirty_rect.x + dirty_rect.width) - buffer.dirty_rect.x;
                        buffer.dirty_rect.height = max(current_dirty_bottom, dirty_rect.y + dirty_rect.height) - buffer.dirty_rect.y;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return KSuccess;
    }
    case FB_IOCTL_GET_BUFFER_OFFSET: {
        auto user_buffer_offset = static_ptr_cast<FBBufferOffset*>(arg);
        FBBufferOffset buffer_offset;
        if (!copy_from_user(&buffer_offset, user_buffer_offset))
            return EFAULT;
        if (!is_valid_buffer_index(buffer_offset.buffer_index))
            return EINVAL;
        buffer_offset.offset = (size_t)buffer_offset.buffer_index * m_buffer_size;
        if (!copy_to_user(user_buffer_offset, &buffer_offset))
            return EFAULT;
        return KSuccess;
    }
    default:
        return EINVAL;
    };
}

KResultOr<Memory::Region*> FrameBufferDevice::mmap(Process& process, FileDescription&, Memory::VirtualRange const& range, u64 offset, int prot, bool shared)
{
    REQUIRE_PROMISE(video);
    if (!shared)
        return ENODEV;
    if (offset != 0 || !m_framebuffer)
        return ENXIO;
    if (range.size() > m_framebuffer->size())
        return EOVERFLOW;

    // We only allow one process to map the region
    if (m_userspace_mmap_region)
        return ENOMEM;

    RefPtr<Memory::VMObject> vmobject;
    if (m_are_writes_active) {
        auto maybe_vmobject = m_framebuffer->vmobject().try_clone();
        if (maybe_vmobject.is_error())
            return maybe_vmobject.error();

        vmobject = maybe_vmobject.release_value();
    } else {
        vmobject = m_framebuffer_sink_vmobject;
        if (vmobject.is_null())
            return ENOMEM;
    }

    auto result = process.address_space().allocate_region_with_vmobject(
        range,
        vmobject.release_nonnull(),
        0,
        "VirtIOGPU Framebuffer",
        prot,
        shared);
    if (result.is_error())
        return result;
    m_userspace_mmap_region = result.value();
    return result;
}

void FrameBufferDevice::deactivate_writes()
{
    m_are_writes_active = false;
    if (m_userspace_mmap_region) {
        auto* region = m_userspace_mmap_region.unsafe_ptr();
        auto maybe_vm_object = m_framebuffer_sink_vmobject->try_clone();
        // FIXME: Would be nice to be able to return a KResult here.
        VERIFY(!maybe_vm_object.is_error());
        region->set_vmobject(maybe_vm_object.release_value());
        region->remap();
    }
    set_buffer(0);
    clear_to_black(buffer_from_index(0));
}

void FrameBufferDevice::activate_writes()
{
    m_are_writes_active = true;
    auto last_set_buffer_index = m_last_set_buffer_index.load();
    if (m_userspace_mmap_region) {
        auto* region = m_userspace_mmap_region.unsafe_ptr();
        region->set_vmobject(m_framebuffer->vmobject());
        region->remap();
    }
    set_buffer(last_set_buffer_index);
}

void FrameBufferDevice::clear_to_black(Buffer& buffer)
{
    auto& info = display_info();
    size_t width = info.rect.width;
    size_t height = info.rect.height;
    u8* data = buffer.framebuffer_data;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < width * height; ++i) {
        data[4 * i + 0] = 0x00;
        data[4 * i + 1] = 0x00;
        data[4 * i + 2] = 0x00;
        data[4 * i + 3] = 0xff;
    }
}

void FrameBufferDevice::draw_ntsc_test_pattern(Buffer& buffer)
{
    static constexpr u8 colors[12][4] = {
        { 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff }, // White
        { 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff }, // Primary + Composite colors
        { 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0xff },
        { 0x00, 0xff, 0x00, 0xff },
        { 0xff, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff },
        { 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff },
        { 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff },
        { 0xba, 0x01, 0x5f, 0xff }, // Dark blue
        { 0x8d, 0x3d, 0x00, 0xff }, // Purple
        { 0x22, 0x22, 0x22, 0xff }, // Shades of gray
        { 0x10, 0x10, 0x10, 0xff },
        { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff },
    };
    auto& info = display_info();
    size_t width = info.rect.width;
    size_t height = info.rect.height;
    u8* data = buffer.framebuffer_data;
    // Draw NTSC test card
    for (size_t y = 0; y < height; ++y) {
        for (size_t x = 0; x < width; ++x) {
            size_t color = 0;
            if (3 * y < 2 * height) {
                // Top 2/3 of image is 7 vertical stripes of color spectrum
                color = (7 * x) / width;
            } else if (4 * y < 3 * height) {
                // 2/3 mark to 3/4 mark  is backwards color spectrum alternating with black
                auto segment = (7 * x) / width;
                color = segment % 2 ? 10 : 6 - segment;
            } else {
                if (28 * x < 5 * width) {
                    color = 8;
                } else if (28 * x < 10 * width) {
                    color = 0;
                } else if (28 * x < 15 * width) {
                    color = 7;
                } else if (28 * x < 20 * width) {
                    color = 10;
                } else if (7 * x < 6 * width) {
                    // Grayscale gradient
                    color = 26 - ((21 * x) / width);
                } else {
                    // Solid black
                    color = 10;
                }
            }
            u8* pixel = &data[4 * (y * width + x)];
            for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
                pixel[i] = colors[color][i];
            }
        }
    }
    dbgln_if(VIRTIO_DEBUG, "Finish drawing the pattern");
}

u8* FrameBufferDevice::framebuffer_data()
{
    return m_current_buffer->framebuffer_data;
}

}